Biogas Combustion Engines for Green Energy Generation

Preface
Contents
1 Significance of Biogas, Its Production and Utilization in Gas Engines
	1.1 Significance of Preventing Global Warming
	1.2 Biomass and Biofuels
	1.3 Sources of Biogas
	1.4 Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
	1.5 Purification and Upgrading of Biogas
	1.6 Biogas Utilization in Gas Engines
	References
2 Combustion and Exhaust Emissions of Biogas Spark Ignition Engines
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Fundamentals of Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines
		2.2.1 Spark Discharge
		2.2.2 Burning Velocity and Flame Structure
	2.3 Effects of Various Parameters on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions
		2.3.1 CO2 Ratio and Equivalence Ratio
		2.3.2 Compression Ratio
		2.3.3 Hydrogen Addition
		2.3.4 EGR
		2.3.5 Fuel Property
		2.3.6 Other Physical Parameters
	2.4 Knocking and Methane Number
		2.4.1 Visualization of Autoignition in the End-Gas Region and Knock Occurrence
		2.4.2 Estimation of Autoignition Timing
		2.4.3 Methane Number
	2.5 Pre-chamber Type for Lean Burn Engine
	2.6 Simulation of Biogas Combustion in SI Engines
	References
3 Combustion and Exhaust Emissions of Biogas Dual-Fuel Engines
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Visualization of Dual-Fuel Combustion
	3.3 Effects of Various Parameters on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions
		3.3.1 Biogas Flow Rate and Load
		3.3.2 CO2 Ratio in Biogas
		3.3.3 EGR
		3.3.4 Liquid Fuel Injected
		3.3.5 Compression Ratio
		3.3.6 Hydrogen Addition
		3.3.7 Other Parameters
	3.4 Higher Output Power and Thermal Efficiency with Micro Pilot Dual-Fuel Engine
		3.4.1 PREMIER Combustion
		3.4.2 Experimental Setup and Data Evaluation
		3.4.3 Results and Discussion
	References
4 Advanced Combustion Technologies for Higher Thermal Efficiency
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 HCCI—Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
		4.2.1 Concept of HCCI Combustion
		4.2.2 Low Temperature Combustion in Diesel Engines
		4.2.3 HCCI Combustion in Biogas Engines
	4.3 RCCI—Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition
	4.4 SACI—Spark Assisted Compression Ignition
	4.5 PREMIER—Premixed Mixture Ignition in the End-Gas Region
	4.6 Advanced Ignition Systems
		4.6.1 Laser Ignition
		4.6.2 Non-thermal Plasma-Assisted Ignition System
	4.7 Others
	4.8 Summary
	References