Battery Technology Crash Course: A Concise Introduction

Preface......Page 5
Acknowledgment......Page 7
Contents......Page 8
1.1 Galvanic Cells......Page 11
1.2 Types of Batteries......Page 12
1.3 Energy Conversion in Batteries......Page 13
1.4 Battery Components......Page 14
1.5 Principle of Operation......Page 15
1.6 Electrode Selection......Page 17
1.7 Calculating Battery Cell Voltage......Page 18
1.8 Battery Cell Voltage and Nernst Equation......Page 19
1.9 Electrolyte for Batteries......Page 21
1.10 Gibbs-Free Energy and Battery Voltage......Page 22
1.11 Theoretical Battery Capacity......Page 23
1.12 Practical Energy of a Battery......Page 25
1.13 Specific Energy and Power......Page 27
1.14 Battery Testing......Page 28
2.1 Performance Parameters......Page 31
2.2 Battery Voltage......Page 33
2.3 Secondary Battery Systems......Page 35
2.4 Battery-Limiting Factors......Page 37
2.5 Battery Current......Page 38
2.6 Modes of Discharge......Page 39
2.7 Discharge Current Effect on Voltage......Page 41
2.8 Discharge Current Effect on Capacity......Page 43
2.9 The Effect of Temperature on Battery Performance......Page 44
2.10 Self-Discharge......Page 47
2.11 Calendar and Cycle Life......Page 49
2.12 Internal Resistance......Page 52
2.13 Safety......Page 53
2.14 Battery Selection......Page 54
3.1 Overview and Characteristics......Page 56
3.2 Principle of Operation......Page 57
3.3 Types of Lead-Acid Batteries......Page 60
3.5 Failure Modes......Page 62
3.6 Charge Process......Page 65
3.7 Discharge Process......Page 69
3.8 Electrolyte......Page 70
3.9 State of Charge......Page 73
3.10 Capacity......Page 74
3.11 Cycle Life......Page 75
3.12 Self-Discharge......Page 78
4.1 Overview and Characteristics......Page 81
4.2 Principle of Operation......Page 82
4.3 Reactions During Overcharge......Page 83
4.4 Voltage During Charge and Discharge......Page 84
4.5 Charge......Page 86
4.6 Discharge......Page 87
4.7 Effect of Temperature on Discharge......Page 89
4.8 Polarity Reversal......Page 90
4.10 Self-Discharge......Page 92
4.11 Memory Effect......Page 93
4.12 Cell Components and Failure Modes......Page 96
5.2 Principle of Operation......Page 97
5.3 Negative Electrode......Page 98
5.4 Charge......Page 99
6.1 Introduction......Page 100
6.2 Early Lithium Batteries: Li Metal......Page 102
6.3 Current Lithium Batteries (Li-Ion)......Page 103
6.4 Future Lithium System (Li-Air and Li-S)......Page 106
6.5 Cell Components and Fabrication......Page 107
6.6 Charging......Page 109
6.7 Discharge......Page 111
6.8 Cycle Life......Page 114
6.9 Self-Discharge......Page 116
6.10 Operational Challenges......Page 117
Epilogue......Page 120
Index......Page 121