Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change

Frontmatter......Page 2
Preface......Page 6
Table of contents......Page 8
List of maps, figures, and tables......Page 11
Abbreviations......Page 16
Part A Introduction and methods......Page 18
1. Introduction......Page 20
2. The North American English vowel system......Page 28
3. Principles of chain shifting and mergers......Page 33
4. Sampling and field methods......Page 38
5. Methods of acoustic analysis......Page 53
6. The construction of isoglosses......Page 58
Part B Mergers and contrasts......Page 62
7. The restoration of post-vocalic /r/......Page 64
8. Nearly completed mergers......Page 66
9. North American mergers in progress......Page 75
Part C North American English vowels......Page 92
10. The vowels of North American English: Maps of natural breaks in F1 and F2......Page 94
Part D Overviews of North American dialects......Page 134
11. The dialects of North American English......Page 136
12. The fronting of back upgliding vowels......Page 169
13. The short-a and short-o configurations......Page 186
Part E Regional patterns......Page 202
14. The North......Page 204
15. Canada......Page 233
16. New England......Page 242
17. New York City and the Mid-Atlantic states......Page 250
18. The South......Page 257
19. The Midland......Page 280
20. The West......Page 296
Part F Other views of regional differences......Page 304
21. Lexical and grammatical maps......Page 306
22. African-Americans......Page 314
23. The findings of the Atlas of North American English: An overview......Page 320
References......Page 324
Index of subjects, city names, and persons......Page 331