Astronomy of the Inca Empire: Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Evolution of An Empire
	2.1 Before the Incas
	2.2 The Early Incas
	2.3 Rulers of Imperial Expansion
		Pachacuti Yupanqui Inca
	2.4 Spanish Conquest
	2.5 Inca Resistance
	2.6 The Catholic Purge
	2.7 Summary
Chapter 3: Cultural Context
	3.1 Religion
	3.2 Cosmology
	3.3 Sacred Landscape
	3.4 Camay
	3.5 Intihuatanas
	3.6 Sacred Animals
	3.7 Ancestors
	3.8 Social Issues
	3.9 Organization
	3.10 Succession
	3.11 Festivals
	3.12 Climate
	3.13 Agriculture
	3.14 Irrigation
	3.15 Imperial Expansion
	3.16 Pilgrimage
	3.17 Building an Empire
	3.18 Architecture
	3.19 Inca Roads
	3.20 Carved Rocks
	3.21 Summary
Chapter 4: Ceques and Huacas
	4.1 History
	4.2 Ceques
	4.3 Huacas
	4.4 Huaca Maintenance and Worship
	4.5 Ceque and Huaca Astronomy
	4.6 Ceque System Controversy
	4.7 Summary
Chapter 5: Archaeoastronomy
	5.1 The Celestial Sphere
	5.2 Motions of the Heavens
	5.3 Solstices and Equinoxes
	5.4 Cardinal Directions
	5.5 Zenith and Anti-Zenith Sun
	5.6 Horizon Astronomy
	5.7 Field Research
		Archaeoastronomical Implements
		Spherical Trigonometry
		Temporal and Atmospheric Phenomena
	5.8 Summary
Chapter 6: Inca Astronomy and Cosmology
	6.1 A Complex Astronomy
	6.2 Sun Worship
	6.3 Cosmology and Origins
	6.4 Festivals and Ceremonies
	6.5 Inca Horizon Astronomy
	6.6 Architectural Alignments
	6.7 Ushnus, Sucancas, Pillars, and Gnomons
	6.8 Inca Calendar
	6.9 The Moon
	6.10 The Milky Way
	6.11 Stars
	6.12 Ceque System and the Stars
	6.13 Cosmology and Atmospheric Phenomena
	6.14 Summary
Chapter 7: Orientations at or near Cusco, at Tipon, and at Saihuite
	7.1 Kenko Grande
	7.2 Kenko Chico
	7.3 Mesa Redonda
	7.4 Tetecaca
	7.5 Patallacta
	7.6 Kusilluchayoc
	7.7 Lacco
	7.8 Huaca 44
	7.9 Lanlakuyok
	7.10 Puca Pucara
	7.11 Tambomachay
	7.12 Sacsahuaman
	7.13 Mollaguanca
	7.14 Sapantiana
	7.15 Rumiwasi Bajo
	7.16 Rumiwasi Alto
	7.17 Kusicallanca
	7.18 Tipon
	7.19 Saihuite
	7.20 Summary
Chapter 8: Orientations in the Sacred Valley
	8.1 Chinchero
		Cardinal and Solsticial Alignments
		Solsticial Alignments
		Zigzagged Channel
		The First Rock East of the Chapel
		Kondorkaka
		Mesakaka
		Chinkana
		Titikaka
	8.2 Pisac
	8.3 Q’espiwanka
		Solar Pillars
		Viewing From the South Wall of the Palace
		Other Alignments
	8.4 Cerro Pumahuachana
	8.5 Cerro Unoraqui
	8.6 Maras
	8.7 Moray
	8.8 Choquequilla
	8.9 Ollantaytambo
		Terraces
		Temple of the Sun
		Pinkuylluna Mountain
		Pyramid of Pacaritanpu
		Incamisana
		Bañjo de la Ñusta
	8.10 Summary
Chapter 9: Orientations in and Surrounding Machu Picchu
	9.1 History and Design
		Architectural Plan and Engineering
		Ceques, Axes, and Sightlines
	9.2 Machu Picchu Site
		Intihuatana.
		Sacred Plaza
		Torreon/Royal Mausoleum/Temple of the Sun
		The Mortars
		Intimachay
		Temple of the Condor
		Huayna Picchu
		Temple of the Moon
	9.3 River Intihuatana
		Intihuatana
		Platform
		Fountain
		Basins
		Caves
		Structure A
		Structure B
		Boulder
		Steps
		Tower
		Andenes
		Design Similarities
		Access
	9.4 Llactapata
		June Solstice Sunrise
		Pleiades Rise
		Linked Ceremonialism Between Llactapata and Machu Picchu
	9.5 Summary
Chapter 10: Discussion, Findings, and Conclusion
	10.1 Discussion
		Cusco Region, Tipon, and Saihuite
		The Sacred Valley
		Machu Picchu Region
	10.2 Findings
		Additional Motifs and Features
		Statistical Summaries
	10.3 Concluding Remarks
Appendices
	A.1 Glossary
	A.2 Azimuths and Inclinations
		Cusco Region, Tipon, and Saihuite
		The Sacred Valley
		Machu Picchu Region
	A.3 GPS Field Data
		Cusco Region, Tipon, and Saihuite
		The Sacred Valley
		Machu Picchu Region
	A.4 Magnetic Declination
		Cusco Region, Tipon, and Saihuite
		The Sacred Valley
		Machu Picchu Region
	A.5 Solar Horizon Positions
		Cusco Region, Tipon, and Saihuite
		The Sacred Valley
		Machu Picchu Region
	A.6 Spherical Trigonometry Formulae
Bibliography
Index