Art Matters : A Contemporary Approach to Art Appreciation

Cover
Art Matters
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Reviewers, Advisors, and Focus Group Participants
Acknowledgments
PART 1: Introduction
	CHAPTER 1: Art Matters
		HOW art MATTERS: MAYA LIN’S VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL
		The Importance of Art
			A Central Part of Our Lives
			A Strongly Supported Endeavor
			DELVE DEEPER: Conserving Art
			A Benefit to Society
			A Basis of Power
			Practice art MATTERS 1.1: Explore Whether Some Art Should Be Censored
			Practice art MATTERS 1.2: Explain Why a Memorial Shows How Art Matters
		The Purposes of Art
			Religion and Spirituality
			Politics and the Social Order
			Practice art MATTERS 1.3: Figure Out the Purpose of a Work of Art
			Recording and Communicating Information
			Practice art MATTERS 1.4: Judge Whether an Image Is Reliable
			Decoration
			Expression
			Social Action
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial
	CHAPTER 2: What Is Art?
		HOW art MATTERS: BARNETT NEWMAN’S VOICE OF FIRE
		Defining Art
			Art as a Physical Object Made from Artistic Materials
			Art as an Aesthetic Experience
			Art as an Object of Value
			Art as Part of the Canon
			Art as a Work Crafted with Skill
			Art as a Work That Has Meaning
			Practice art MATTERS 2.1: Consider How Cultural Perception Impacts Views
			Practice art MATTERS 2.2: Explore How Physical Perception Changes Meaning
			Art as a Creative Work
			Practice art MATTERS 2.3: Discover How to Approach a Difficult Work of Art
		The Themes, Types, and Ingredients of Art
			Themes of Art
			Practice art MATTERS 2.4: Judge What Theme a Work of Art Concerns
			Types of Art
			Ingredients of Art
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at Voice Of Fire
PART 2: The Language of Art
	CHAPTER 3: The Visual Elements of Art
		HOW art MATTERS: VINCENT VAN GOGH’S LETTERS AND ART
		Line
			The Character of Lines
			The Direction of Lines
			Actual and Implied Lines
			The Different Uses of Lines
			Practice art MATTERS 3.1: See How Lines Draw Attention
		Shape
			The Character and Direction of Shapes
			Geometric and Organic Shapes
			Positive and Negative Shapes
			Overall Shapes
		Mass
			The Character and Direction of Masses
			Geometric and Organic Masses
			Practice art MATTERS 3.2: Explore the Masses of a Car
			Mass and Negative Space
		Texture
			Actual and Simulated Texture in Two-Dimensional Works
			Actual and Simulated Texture in Three-Dimensional Works
		Light and Value
			Light
			Value
			Light Hitting Three-Dimensional Opaque Objects
			Chiaroscuro
			Value to Heighten Expression
			Light as a Material
		Color
			The Visible Spectrum
			Why We See Color
			The Subtractive and Additive Color Systems
			DELVE DEEPER: The Additive Color System
			The Color Wheel
			The Properties of Color
			Color Schemes
			Practice art MATTERS 3.3: Discover How Scheme Impacts Content
			The Characteristics of Color
		Space
			Three-Dimensional Space
			Two-Dimensional Space
		Time
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at Vincent van Gogh’s Letters and Art
	CHAPTER 4: The Principles of Design
		HOW art MATTERS: THE TAJ MAHAL
		Unity and Variety
			Practice art MATTERS 4.1: Identify How an Artist Created Variety and Unity
		Balance
			Symmetrical Balance
			Asymmetrical Balance
			Practice art MATTERS 4.2: Determine What Makes Something Visually Heavy
			Radial Balance
		Emphasis and Subordination
		Scale
		Proportion
			Practice art MATTERS 4.3: Consider How Size Affects a Painting
			DELVE DEEPER: The Golden Section
		Rhythm
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Taj Mahal
PART 3: The Media
	CHAPTER 5: Drawing
		HOW art MATTERS: PABLO PICASSO’S GUERNICA DRAWINGS
		What Drawing Is
			An Intense Way to See
			Practice art MATTERS 5.1: Observe a Piece of Fruit with Intensity
			A Way to Understand the Creative Process
			A Way to Take Notes
			A Finished Work of Art
		Different Drawing Materials
			Drawing Surfaces and Tools
			Practice art MATTERS 5.2: Use Different Surfaces and Tools
			Dry Media
			Liquid Media
			DELVE DEEPER: Mixed Media
			Digital Drawing
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Guernica Drawings
	CHAPTER 6: Painting
		HOW art MATTERS: JUDY BACA’S THE GREAT WALL OF LOS ANGELES
		What Painting Is
			An Application of Paint
			An Artform Created with Layers, Tools, and Techniques
			A Message to Viewers
		Different Painting Media
			Encaustic
			Practice art MATTERS 6.1: Observe an Encaustic Painting Up Close
			Fresco
			Practice art MATTERS 6.2: Consider the Fresco Painting of a Modern Artist
			Tempera
			Oil
			Practice art MATTERS 6.3: Compare Two Annunciations Created in Oil Paint
			Transparent Watercolor
			Gouache
			Acrylics
			Digital Painting
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at The Great Wall of Los Angeles
	CHAPTER 7: Printmaking
		HOW art MATTERS: THE PRINTS OF HONORÉ DAUMIER
		What Printmaking Is
			An Indirect, Two-Dimensional Art
			A Collaborative Process
			An Art of Multiple Originals
			An Art Form
			Practice art MATTERS 7.1: Compare Two States
		Different Printmaking Techniques
			Relief
			DELVE DEEPER: Color Woodcut
			Intaglio
			Practice art MATTERS 7.2: Compare and Contrast an Aquatint and an Etching
			Planographic
			Stencil
			New Directions
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Prints of Honoré Daumier
	CHAPTER 8 Photography, Film, and Video
		HOW art MATTERS: D. W. GRIFFITH’S FILM THE BIRTH OF A NATION
		Photography
			What Photography Is
			Practice art MATTERS 8.1: Contrast Two Photographers’ Different Visions
			Different Types of Photographs
		Film
			What Film Is
			Practice art MATTERS 8.2: See How a Film Helped Make a Difference
			Different Types of Films
		Video
			What Video Is
			Different Types of Videos
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at The Birth of a Nation
	CHAPTER 9: Graphic Design
		HOW art MATTERS: THE GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR THE BEIJING OLYMPIC GAMES
		What Graphic Design Is
			A Client’s Message to a Specific Audience
			A Straightforward and Multiple Form of Communication
			Delve Deeper The Ancient Art of Graphic Design
			An Art Form
		Components of Graphic Design
			Images
			Type
			Practice art MATTERS 9.1: Determine Why a Typeface Might Be Incompatible
			Layout
		Different Types of Graphic Design
			Signs, Publications, and Packaging
			Corporate Identities
			Practice art MATTERS 9.2: Compare an Updated Logo with the Original
			Motion Graphics and Interactive Digital Media
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Graphic Design for the Beijing  Olympic Games
	CHAPTER 10: Sculpture
		HOW art MATTERS: AKUA’MMA SCULPTURES
		What Sculpture Is
			A Three-Dimensional Work of Art
			An Art Form Created from Tangible Materials
			Practice art MATTERS 10.1: Examine How Gold Affects a Sculpture
			A Meaningful Expression
		Different Types of Sculptures
			Freestanding Sculptures
			Relief Sculptures
			Earthworks
			Practice art MATTERS 10.2: Consider the Changing Nature of Earthworks
			Installations
		Different Sculpture Techniques
			Carving
			Modeling
			Casting
			Delve Deeper Casting Human Figures
			Constructing and Assembling
			Practice art MATTERS 10.3: Evaluate Who Should Decide the Fate of Public Art
			Digital Sculpting
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at Akua’mma Sculptures
	CHAPTER 11: Traditional Craft Media
		HOW art MATTERS: THE POTTERY OF MARIA MARTINEZ
		Conflicting Definitions of Craft
			Skill versus Intellect
			Utility versus Appearance
			Individuality versus Mass Production
			Practice art MATTERS 11.1: Consider Whether Mass-Produced Pots Are Art
			Handmade Feel versus Perfection
			Reflections of Societies versus Lone Visions
			Practice art MATTERS 11.2: Explore How a Work Challenges Definitions of Craft
		Media Traditionally Associated with Craft
			Clay
			Glass
			Metal
			Wood
			Fiber
			DELVE DEEPER: Computer-Controlled Looms
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Pottery of Maria Martinez
	CHAPTER 12: Architecture
		HOW art MATTERS: THE PANTHEON
		What Architecture Is
			A Functional Place
			A Three-Dimensional Work
			A Work in an Environment
			A Collaborative and Individual Art Form
			An Art Form Structured to Withstand Forces
		Shell Construction Methods
			Load-Bearing and Corbel
			Post-and-Lintel and Cantilever
			Practice art MATTERS 12.1: Explain Why a Paper Lintel Falls Down
			DELVE DEEPER: The Three Orders
			Arch, Vault, and Dome
			Practice art MATTERS 12.2: Determine the Forces That Act on a Paper Arch
			Practice art MATTERS 12.3: Describe Why a Paper Pointed Arch Nearly Stands
			Practice art MATTERS 12.4: Explore the Effect of a Cup’s Continuous Surface
			Reinforced Concrete Construction
		Skeleton-and-Skin Construction Methods
			Frame Construction
			Suspension
			Practice art MATTERS 12.5: Consider the Two Forces That Act on a Necklace
		Recent Innovations In Structures and Materials
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Pantheon
PART 4: The History of Art
	CHAPTER 13: The Art of Prehistory and Ancient Civilizations in Europe and the Mediterranean
		HOW art MATTERS: THE PARTHENON SCULPTURES
		Prehistoric Cultures
			The Paleolithic Period
			The Neolithic Period
		Early Civilizations
			Mesopotamia
			Egypt
			Practice art MATTERS 13.1: Compare Sculptures of Elite and Non-Elite People
		The Greco-Roman World
			Greece
			Practice art MATTERS 13.2: Describe a Hellenistic Sculpture
			Rome
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Parthenon Sculptures
		Connections: Power, Servitude, and Ambition
	CHAPTER 14: Early Jewish and Christian, Byzantine, and Medieval Art
		HOW art MATTERS: THE LINDISFARNE GOSPELSls
		The Late Roman Empire
			The Diverse Roman World
			Christianity in the Period of Persecution
			Christianity under Constantine
			Practice art MATTERS 14.1: Label the Parts of Old St. Peter’s
		The Byzantine Empire
			The Emperor Justinian and the Empress Theodora
			Icons and Iconoclasm
			Practice art MATTERS 14.2: Compare Images on a Chalice and an Icon
		The Middle Ages
			Early Medieval
			Romanesque
			Delve Deeper Relics and Reliquaries
			Gothic
			Practice art MATTERS 14.3: Contrast Romanesque and Gothic Churches
			Toward the Renaissance
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Lindisfarne Gospels
		CONNECTIONS: The Divine, Sacred Spaces, and Prayers
	CHAPTER 15: Renaissance and Baroque Art
		HOW art MATTERS: MICHELANGELO’S SISTINE CHAPEL PAINTINGS
		The Renaissance
			The Early Renaissance in Italy
			Practice art MATTERS 15.1: Identify Early Renaissance Ideals in a Work
			The High Renaissance in Italy
			The Renaissance in Venice and Mannerism
			DELVE DEEPER:  Mannerism
			The Renaissance in Northern Europe
			Practice art MATTERS 15.2: Explore an Artist’s Relationship with the Divine
			The Reformation
		The Baroque
			The Baroque in Italy
			Practice art MATTERS 15.3: Recognize Baroque Ideas in a Work
			The Baroque in Spain and Flanders
			The Baroque in France
			The Baroque in the Dutch Republic
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Sistine Chapel Paintings
		CONNECTIONS: War, Death, and Remembrance
	CHAPTER 16: The Art of Africa and Islam
		HOW art MATTERS: THE GREAT MOSQUE IN DJENNÉ, MALI
		Africa
			Early Africa
			Traditional Africa
			Practice art MATTERS 16.1: Identify the Features of Traditional African Art in a Work
		Islam
			Muhammad and Islam
			Early Islam
			Medieval Islam
			Practice art MATTERS 16.2: Describe the Themes of Islamic Art in a Lamp
			Later Islam
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Great Mosque In Djenné, Mali
		CONNECTIONS: Love, Birth, and Growing Up
	CHAPTER 17: The Art of the Pacific and the Americas
		HOW art MATTERS: HAWAIIAN FEATHERWORK
		The Pacific
			Australia
			Melanesia
			Polynesia
			Practice art MATTERS 17.1: Compare Two Polynesian Sculptures
		The Americas
			Mesoamerica
			Practice art MATTERS 17.2: Determine the Features of Aztec Society in a Work
			South America
			Practice art MATTERS 17.3: Identify South American Themes of Art in a Tunic
			North America
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at Hawaiian Featherwork
		CONNECTIONS: Wildlife, the Land, and the Environment
	CHAPTER 18: The Art of Asia
		HOW art MATTERS: THE JAPANESE TEA CEREMONY
		The Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia
			The Early Indian Subcontinent
			Buddhism on the Indian Subcontinent and in Southeast Asia
			Hinduism in India
			Practice art MATTERS 18.1: Identify the Aspects of Indian Art in a Work
			Islam in India
		China and Korea
			Early China and Korea
			Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Their Offshoots in China
			Practice art MATTERS 18.2: Recognize the Buddha’s Attributes
			Later China
		Japan
			Classical Japan
			Practice art MATTERS 18.3: Contrast Heian Period and Song Dynasty Paintings
			Medieval Japan
			Early Modern Japan
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Japanese Tea Ceremony
		CONNECTIONS: Work, Play, and Relaxation
	CHAPTER 19: Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Art in the West
		HOW art MATTERS: EDOUARD MANET’S THE LUNCHEON ON THE GRASS
		The Eighteenth Century
			The Rococo
			Neoclassicism
			Practice art MATTERS 19.1: Identify the Neoclassical Features in a Work
		The Nineteenth Century
			Romanticism
			Practice art MATTERS 19.2: Contrast Neoclassical and Romantic Images
			Realism
			Impressionism
			Practice art MATTERS 19.3: Identify Japanese Influence in a Work
			Post-Impressionism
			Art Nouveau
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at The Luncheon on the Grass
		CONNECTIONS: Art, the Artist, and the Inner Mind
	CHAPTER 20: Modern Art in the Twentieth-Century Western World
		HOW art MATTERS: THE EARTH-BODY WORKS OF ANA MENDIETA
		The Early Twentieth Century through World War II
			Expressionist Movements
			Practice art MATTERS 20.1: Identify the Features of Fauve Art
			Cubism
			DELVE DEEPER: Responses to Analytic Cubism
			The Art of the Irrational
			Practice art MATTERS 20.2: Explain Why a Work Is Classified as Dada
			Art for a Better World
			Art in the United States
		Post–World War II through 1980
			The New York School
			Art and Reality
			Minimalism
			The Art of Ideas
			Practice art MATTERS 20.3: Contrast the Goals of Minimalism and Conceptual Art
			Earthworks
			Combatting Prejudice
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Earth-Body Works of Ana Mendieta
		CONNECTIONS: Suffering, Health, and Survival
	CHAPTER 21: Art Since 1980
		HOW art MATTERS: THE ART OF YINKA SHONIBARE, MBE
		The Postmodern Period
			Postmodern Ideas
			Architecture
			Painting
			Diverse Media
			Practice art MATTERS 21.1: Explain Why an Installation Is Postmodern
			Protest Art
			Practice art MATTERS 21.2: Consider Whether a Work Is Protest Art
			Practice art MATTERS 21.3: Explore How Museums Influence Our Views
			Art That Draws on Prior Work
		The Contemporary Global World
			Globalization and Art
			Art of Diverse People
			Practice art MATTERS 21.4: Describe How a Work References Identity
			Art of a Global World
		HOW art MATTERS: A Look Back at the Art of Yinka Shonibare, MBE
		CONNECTIONS: Identity, Discrimination, and Social Ties
Glossary
Endnotes
Credits
Index