Aquaculture in the Middle East and North Africa : status and research needs

TITLE PAGE
......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
INTRODUCTION......Page 12
BACTERIAL DISEASES......Page 14
PARASITIC DISEASES......Page 15
NEW APPROACHES......Page 17
REFERENCES......Page 18
PARASITIC PROTOZOANS – INCREASING MENACE  IN MARICULTURE FACILITIES AND MARINE  AQUARIUM IN KUWAIT......Page 22
Cryptocaryon Sp.......Page 23
Scuticociliatosis......Page 24
Amyloodinium (Marine Velvet Disease)......Page 25
REFERENCES......Page 27
INTRODUCTION......Page 30
Coldwater Fish Farming......Page 31
Warm Water Fish Farming......Page 34
Ornamental and Other Fish species......Page 35
Shrimp Farming......Page 37
Disease Control and Aquaculture Veterinary Medicine......Page 38
Recommendations and Prospective......Page 39
REFERENCES......Page 40
INTRODUCTION......Page 42
DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL MEASUREMENTS IN TURKISH  FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE......Page 43
CONCLUSION......Page 45
REFERENCES......Page 46
INTRODUCTION......Page 52
VIRAL DISEASES......Page 53
PARASITIC DISEASES......Page 54
REFERENCES......Page 56
ABSTRACT......Page 60
INTRODUCTION......Page 61
SPAWNING OF WILD STOCK IN KUWAIT WATERS......Page 64
Maturity Stages in Relation to Day Time......Page 65
Availability of Gravid Fish......Page 67
Effect of Microalgal Species on Larval Survival......Page 71
Larval Mortality and Air Bubble......Page 72
PERFORMANCE OF FORMULATED FEEDS  ON THE GROWTH OF JUVENILES......Page 74
GROW-OUT UNDER TANK CULTURE CONDITIONS......Page 75
PATHOLOGY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT......Page 81
Gonad Development in Cultured Brood Stock......Page 82
Brood Stock Feed Development......Page 83
BREEDING OF CULTURED BROOD STOCKS......Page 84
Natural Spawning of Cultured Brood Stock......Page 85
Hormonal Induction of Cultured Brood Stock......Page 88
REFERENCES......Page 93
ABSTRACT......Page 98
INTRODUCTION......Page 99
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF ARABIAN GULF......Page 101
Design, Significant Wave Height and Mean Wave Period for Aquaculture Cages in the Arabian Gulf......Page 103
Tide Induced Currents in the Arabian Gulf......Page 107
Protection of Aquaculture Cages against Severe Wave Forces and Aeration using the Marine Wave Energy......Page 109
CONCLUSION......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 112
INTRODUCTION......Page 114
b. Brief Aquaculture History......Page 116
b.2. Iran......Page 117
b.3. Iraq......Page 118
b.5. Oman......Page 119
b.7. Saudi Arabia......Page 120
b.8. UAE......Page 121
a. Regional Overview......Page 122
b.1.Bahrain......Page 123
b.2. Iran......Page 124
b.3. Iraq......Page 126
b.5. Oman......Page 127
b.6. Qatar......Page 128
b.7. Saudi Arabia......Page 129
b.8. UAE......Page 130
b.9. Yemen......Page 131
c. Culture Species, Production Quantity......Page 132
III.d. Non-Food Aquatic Species......Page 135
f. Culture Environments......Page 136
a.4.Kuwait......Page 138
a.9. Yemen......Page 139
b.2.Iran......Page 140
b.5.Oman......Page 141
c. Aquatic Animal Health, Food Safety and Transboundary Issues......Page 142
c.3.Iraq......Page 143
c.8. UAE......Page 144
d. Markets for Aquaculture Produce and Challenges to Farmers......Page 145
e. Market Price of Wild Fish Compared to Culture Produce......Page 146
c. Fish v/s Other Protein Sources......Page 147
b. Feed and Seed Resources......Page 148
c. Environmental Management Issues......Page 150
a.3. Iraq......Page 151
a.8. UAE......Page 152
c. Education, Research and Training – Present Status......Page 153
d. Aquafarmers’ associations, cooperatives......Page 154
RECENT TRENDS AND PRIORITY ISSUES......Page 155
BAHRAIN......Page 157
IRAN......Page 158
CONCLUSION......Page 160
REFERENCES......Page 161
ABSTRACT......Page 166
INTRODUCTION......Page 167
THE PRESENT STATUS OF AQUACULTURE......Page 168
Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)......Page 176
Grouper (Epinephelus aeneus)......Page 180
European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)......Page 182
Carp......Page 183
Tilapia......Page 184
ORNAMENTAL FISH PRODUCTION......Page 185
Koi Herpes Virus......Page 186
Feed Additives: L-carnitine......Page 187
INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMS......Page 188
RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS......Page 191
CONCLUSION......Page 193
REFERENCES......Page 194
ABSTRACT......Page 202
Background to Aquaculture Development......Page 203
Current status of Aquaculture Production......Page 204
Carps......Page 205
Rainbow Trout......Page 207
Sturgeon Farming......Page 208
Marine Shrimp......Page 209
Aquaculture for Stock Enhancement (restocking)......Page 211
Potential for Further Aquaculture Development in Iran......Page 212
Coldwater Fish Farming......Page 213
Ornamental Fish......Page 215
Disease Control and Veterinary Medicine in Iran......Page 216
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 217
REFERENCES......Page 218
ABTSRACT......Page 220
INTRODUCTION......Page 221
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW......Page 222
The Second Stage......Page 223
Phase 2, from the 50's to the 70's......Page 227
Phase 3, from the 80's to the 90's......Page 228
Phase 4, the Current Period of 2000's......Page 229
Aquaculture Production......Page 230
Marine Aquaculture......Page 231
Potential Sites for Industrial Aquaculture......Page 233
Emerging Potential Sites......Page 235
Sea-bass, (Discentrarchus labrax)......Page 237
Bluefin Tuna, (Thunnus thynnus)......Page 239
Other Species under Investigation......Page 240
Common Dentex (Dentex dentex)......Page 241
Japanese (Pacific) cupped oyster, (Crassostrea gigas)......Page 242
European clam, (Ruditapes decussatus)......Page 244
Japanese Scallop, (Patinopecten yessoensis)......Page 245
Algae Species......Page 246
European Eel, (Anguilla anguilla)......Page 247
Rainbow Trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss)......Page 248
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Chinese (or Grass) carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix......Page 249
Pike (Esox lucius)......Page 250
Spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus)......Page 251
Seed Supply......Page 252
Feed Supply......Page 254
CULTURE HUSBANDRY......Page 255
Manpower......Page 256
REVIEW OF AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 257
MARINE AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 258
PROSPECTS......Page 261
CONCLUSION......Page 262
REFERENCES......Page 264
INTRODUCTION......Page 268
PRESENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE......Page 270
Common Carp......Page 272
Freshwater Prawn......Page 273
Rabbitfish......Page 274
White Indian Shrimp......Page 275
PRESENT AND FUTURE AQUACULTURE PROJECTS......Page 277
National Prawn Company (NPC)......Page 278
Al-Faris Farm for Sturgeon Fish and Caviar Production......Page 282
CONCLUSION......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 284
INTRODUCTION......Page 286
AQUACULTURE IN TURKEY......Page 293
Aquaculture Production Trends......Page 297
Structure of the Aquaculture Sector......Page 302
Diversification of Cultured Species......Page 305
Aquaculture Regulation......Page 309
Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring......Page 310
Effect of New Environmental Law......Page 311
Development of Turkish Aquaculture......Page 313
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES......Page 314
Research, Development and Innovation......Page 315
EU Harmonization......Page 317
Coherence of Government Programs-Necessity of Additional Program......Page 318
Interactions between Aquaculture and Other Coastal Sectors......Page 319
Consumer Aspects Regarding Aquaculture Products in Turkey......Page 320
Marketing and Aquaculture Producer’s Organizations......Page 321
Traceability, Labeling and Certification......Page 323
Traceability......Page 324
Quality Schemes for Aquaculture Species......Page 325
CONCLUSION......Page 326
REFERENCES......Page 328
INDEX......Page 330