An Introduction to Programming and Computer Science with Python

Table of contents
Preface
To the student
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Programming and the Python Shell
	Why learn a programming language?
	Compilation and interpretation
	The Python shell
	Hello, Python!
	Syntax and semantics
	Introduction to binary numbers
	Exercises
Types and literals
	What are types?
	Dynamic typing
	Types and memory
	More on string literals
	Representation error of numeric types
	Exercises
Variables, statements, and expressions
	Variables and assignment
	Expressions
	Augmented assignment operators
	Euclidean or ``floor'' division
	Modular arithmetic
	Exponentiation
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Functions
	Introduction to functions
	A deeper dive into functions
	Passing arguments to a function
	Scope
	Pure and impure functions
	The math module
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Style
	The importance of style
	PEP 8
	Whitespace
	Names (identifiers)
	Line length
	Constants
	Comments in code
	Exercises
Console I/O
	Motivation
	Command line interface
	The input() function
	Converting strings to numeric types
	Some ways to format output
	Python f-strings and string interpolation
	Format specifiers
	Scientific notation
	Formatting tables
	Example: currency converter
	Format specifiers: a quick reference
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Branching and Boolean expressions
	Boolean logic and Boolean expressions
	Comparison operators
	Branching
	if, elif, and else
	Truthy and falsey
	Input validation
	Some string methods
	Flow charts
	Decision trees
	Exercises
Structure, development, and testing
	main the Python way
	Program structure
	Iterative and incremental development
	Testing your code
	The origin of the term ``bug''
	Using assertions to test your code
	Rubberducking
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Sequences
	Lists
	Tuples
	Mutability and immutability
	Subscripts are indices
	Concatenating lists and tuples
	Copying lists
	Finding an element within a sequence
	Sequence unpacking
	Strings are sequences
	Sequences: a quick reference guide
	Slicing
	Passing mutables to functions
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Loops and iteration
	Loops: an introduction
	while loops
	Input validation with while loops
	An ancient algorithm with a while loop
	for loops
	Iterables
	Iterating over strings
	Calculating a sum in a loop
	Loops and summations
	Products
	enumerate()
	Tracing a loop
	Nested loops
	Stacks and queues
	A deeper dive into iteration in Python
	Exercises
Randomness, games, and simulations
	The random module
	Pseudo-randomness in more detail
	Using the seed
	Exercises
File I/O
	Context managers
	Reading from a file
	Writing to a file
	Keyword arguments
	More on printing strings
	The csv module
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Data analysis and presentation
	Some elementary statistics
	Python's statistics module
	A brief introduction to plotting with Matplotlib
	The basics of Matplotlib
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Exception handling
	Exceptions
	Handling exceptions
	Exceptions and flow of control
	Exercises
Dictionaries
	Introduction to dictionaries
	Iterating over dictionaries
	Deleting dictionary keys
	Hashables
	Counting letters in a string
	Exceptions
	Exercises
Graphs
	Introduction to graphs
	Searching a graph: breadth-first search
	Exercises
Appendices
	Glossary
	Mathematical notation
	pip and venv
	File systems
	Code for cover artwork
	Index