Ammonia Fuel Cells

Cover
Ammonia Fuel Cells
Copyright
Preface
Nomenclature
	Greek letters
	Subscripts
	Acronyms
1
Introduction
	Historical background
	Closing remarks
2
Fundamentals
	Hydrogen economy
	Fuel cells and heat engines
	Fuel cell working principles
	Chemical and physical phenomena in fuel cells
	Electrodes and electrolytes in fuel cells
	Performance of fuel cells
	Advantages and applications of fuel cells
	Fuel cell classification
		Electrolyte-based classification
		Temperature-based classification
		Reactant-based classification
		Ion transfer-based classification
	Closing remarks
3
Types of fuels
	Hydrogen fuel
		Hydrogen for fuel cells
		Hydrogen production methods
		Hydrogen storage methods
	Alcohol fuels
		Ethanol fuel
			Production of ethanol fuel
		Methanol fuel
			Production of methanol fuel
		Propanol fuel
	Alkane fuels
		Methane fuel
		Ethane fuel
		Other alkane fuels
			Propane and butane fuels
			Diesel and gasoline fuels for fuel cells
	Ammonia
		Ammonia production
		Energy from ammonia
	Closing remarks
4
Ammonia fuel cells
	Classification of ammonia fuel cells
	Direct ammonia fuel cells entailing oxygen anion conducting solid oxide electrolyte
	Direct ammonia fuel cells entailing proton conducting solid oxide electrolyte
	Direct ammonia fuel cells with alkaline electrolytes
	Direct ammonia fuel cells developed at the Clean Energy Research Laboratory
		Investigation of developed fuel cells
	Ammonia borane fuel cells
	Closing remarks
5
Analysis and modeling
	Thermodynamics of ammonia fuel cells
	Electrochemical analysis of ammonia fuel cells
		Activation polarization
		Polarization due to transport phenomena
		Polarization due to electricity transport
		Performance assessment
	Closing remarks
6
Integrated ammonia fuel cell systems
	Integrated AFC and thermal energy storage system
	DAFC integrated with solar thermal power plant
	Solar tower-based multigeneration system integrated with DAFC
	Integrated ammonia internal combustion engine and DAFC-based cogeneration system
	Solar-wind-based integrated system utilizing AFCs for energy storage to produce electricity and freshwater
	Integrated ammonia synthesis and DAFC system based on solar photovoltaic energy
	Closing remarks
7
Case studies
	Case study 1: Hybrid ammonia fuel cell and battery system with regenerative electrode
	Case study 2: Integrated solar and geothermal-based system with direct ammonia fuel cells
	Closing remarks
8
Conclusions and future directions
	Ammonia engines
	Ammonia gas turbines
	Ammonia fuel cells
References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	W
	Y
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