Advances in Functional Finishing of Textiles

Contents
Surface Modification of Textiles with Nanomaterials for Flexible Electronics Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanomaterials
		2.1 Carbon Derivatives
		2.2 Conducting Polymers
		2.3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
		2.4 Metals and Metal Oxides
		2.5 Multifunctional Textiles
	3 Surface Modification Techniques
		3.1 Sputtering
		3.2 Pulsed LASER Deposition (PLD)
		3.3 Chemical Techniques
	4 Technical Textiles for Flexible Wearable Applications
		4.1 Smart Textiles for Energy Harvesting and Storage
		4.2 Protective Fabrics Against Electromagnetic Radiation
		4.3 Electromagnetic Waves
		4.4 Ultraviolet Protection Fabrics
		4.5 Wearable Sensors
		4.6 Conductive Fabrics
	5 Conclusion
	References
Functional Finishing of Cotton Textiles Using Nanomaterials
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanomaterials Finishing Techniques
	3 Antimicrobial Finish
	4 UV Protection Finish
	5 Flame Retardant Finish
	6 Superhydrophobic Finish
	7 Electronics Textiles
	8 Safety Aspects
	9 Conclusion
	References
Environmental Profile of Nano-finished Textile Materials: Implications on Public Health, Risk Assessment, and Public Perception
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanomaterials for Textile Finishing
	3 Classes of Nanomaterials
		3.1 Inorganic Nanomaterials and Their Nanocomposites
		3.2 Inorganic Nano-structured Loaded Organics (Nano-biocomposites)
	4 Textile Applications of Nanomaterials
		4.1 Antimicrobial Applications
		4.2 UV Protection Applications
	5 Release, Fate, and Transformation Process
		5.1 Photochemical Transformation
		5.2 Oxidation and Reduction
		5.3 Dissolution
		5.4 Precipitation
		5.5 Adsorption and Desorption
	6 Environmental and Health Profile
		6.1 Environmental Compatibility
		6.2 Effects on Human Health
		6.3 Development of Resistance
		6.4 Biological Degradation
	7 Conclusion
	References
Biotechnology: An Eco-friendly Tool of Nature for Textile Industries
	1 Introduction
	2 Green Catalysts
	3 Textile Processing: Applications of Green Catalysts
		3.1 Wet Processing of Textiles
	4 Bast Fibers Bioprocessing
		4.1 Retting
		4.2 Bio-degumming
	5 Silk Wet Processing
	6 Wool Bio-processing
		6.1 Bio-carbonization of Wool
		6.2 Wool Shrink-Proofing
		6.3 Wool Finishing
	7 Advantages of Enzymatic Textile Processing
	8 Enzymes Engineering as a Tailoring Tool
	9 The Latest Development in the Textile Sector by Bio-copying of Nature
		9.1 Structurally Colored Fibres
		9.2 Lotus Effect for Self Cleaning Textile Surfaces
	10 Genetic Manipulation for Bio-based Fibres
		10.1 Bt and Herbicide Tolerant Cotton
		10.2 Cotton with Improved Functional Behavior
		10.3 Genetically Engineered Silk Fibres
		10.4 Spider Fiber
	11 Conclusion
	References
Application of Enzymes in Textile Functional Finishing
	1 Introduction
	2 Background on Textile Industry and Production
	3 Microbial-Origin Enzymes in Textile Industry
	4 Enzymes in Finishing Process and Its Role
		4.1 Cellulase in Bio-finishing and Denim Biostoning
		4.2 Protease in Felt-Free Woollen Fibre Processing
		4.3 Catalase and Lipase in Cotton Processing
	5 Immobilized Enzymes and Enzyme Nanoparticles in Textile Finishing Process: A Paradigm Shift in Eco-friendly Textile Processing
	6 Laccase in Decolorisation of Textile Effluent and Mitigating Important Environmental Issue
	7 Patenting Trends on Use of Microbial Enzymes on Textile Finishing
	8 Conclusion
	References
Recent Advances in Development of Antimicrobial Textiles
	1 Introduction
	2 Mode of Action of Antibacterial Agents
	3 Why Antimicrobial Textile?
	4 Antimicrobial Textiles Classification
		4.1 Leaching Antimicrobial Textiles
		4.2 Non-leaching or Bounded Antimicrobial Textiles
	5 Application Methods of Antibacterial Agents on Textiles
		5.1 Direct Application
		5.2 Nanotechnology
		5.3 Microencapsulation Method
		5.4 Crosslinking Method
	6 Assessment of Antibacterial Activity
	7 Antimicrobial Compounds
		7.1 Organic Antibacterial Agents for Textiles
		7.2 Inorganic Antibacterial Bacterial Agents for Textiles
		7.3 Plant Extract Based Organic Antibacterial Textile
	8 Conclusion
	References
Advances of Textiles in Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
	1 Textiles in Medical Field
	2 Textile Forms Used in Medical Field
	3 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Textiles
	4 History
	5 Requirements of Tissue Scaffolds Vis-à-Vis Properties of Textile Materials
	6 Conventional Textiles Used for Preparation of Scaffolds
		6.1 Silk Based Scaffolds
		6.2 Wool Based Scaffolds
		6.3 Cellulose Based Scaffolds
		6.4 Polyester Based Scaffolds
	7 Application of Textiles in Specific Organs Engineering
		7.1 Textile Scaffolds as Tissue Adhesives
		7.2 Textile Scaffolds for Skin Recovery and Replacements
		7.3 Textile Scaffolds as Wound Dressings
		7.4 Textile Scaffolds for Bone Recovery and Regeneration
		7.5 Textile Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Recovery and Regeneration
	8 Future Challenges and Scope of Growth for Textiles in Medical Scaffold
	References
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Textiles
	1 Introduction
	2 Water Repellency
		2.1 Fundamentals of Hydrophobicity
		2.2 Superhydrophibic Textiles
		2.3 Commercialized Superhydrophobic Textiles
		2.4 Switchable Hydrophilicity and Hydrophobicity
	3 Conclusion
	References
Self-cleaning Finishes for Functional and Value Added Textile Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Principles of Preparation of Self-cleaning Textiles
	3 Photo-Catalytic Self-cleaning Effect
	4 Self-cleaning Effect Using Microwaves
	5 Self-cleaning Effect Using Carbon Nanotubes
	6 Self-cleaning Effect Using Silver Nanoparticles
	7 Self-cleaning Effect by Using Colloidal Metal Oxide
	8 Self-cleaning Effect by Using N Halamine
	9 Applications of Self-cleaning Textiles
	10 Limitations of Self-cleaning Fabric
	11 Conclusion
	References
Insights into Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants and Their Textile Applications
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Elemental Phosphorus as FR
		1.2 Inorganic Phosphorus-Based FRs
		1.3 Organic or Organophosphorus-Based FRs
	2 Textile Applications of P-Based Flame Retardants
	3 Conclusion and Future Outlook
	References
From Smart Materials to Chromic Textiles
	1 Introduction
	2 Chromic Colorants
	3 Photochromic Colorants
		3.1 Photochromism in Textiles
	4 Thermochromic Colorants
		4.1 Thermochromism in Textiles
	5 Halochromic Colorants
		5.1 Halochromism in Textiles
	6 Electrochromic Colorants
		6.1 Electrochromism in Textiles
	7 Future Trends
	References
Plasma Treatment Technology for Surface Modification and Functionalization of Cellulosic Fabrics
	1 Introduction
	2 Conventional Wet-Chemical Processing
	3 Plasma Technology
		3.1 Some Basic Aspects
		3.2 Potential Applications in Textile Processing
	4 Future Trends
	References
Cationization as Tool for Functionalization of Cotton
	1 Textile Industry
	2 Cotton
		2.1 Cotton Fibre
		2.2 Wet-Processing of Cotton
	3 Surface Modification
		3.1 Types of Surface Treatments
		3.2 Need for Cationization of Cotton
		3.3 Mechanism
		3.4 Application
		3.5 Recent Developments in Cationization for Wet-Processing Techniques
		3.6 Effect of Cationization on Environment
		3.7 Advantages of Cationization
		3.8 Limitations
	4 Conclusion
	References
Role of Radiation Treatment as a Cost-Effective Tool for Cotton and Polyester Dyeing
	1 Introduction
	2 Pretreatment of Raw Greige Cotton
	3 Chemistry of Cotton
	4 Chemistry of Polyester
	5 Classes of Dyes
		5.1 Natural Dyes
		5.2 Synthetic Dyes
	6 Classification of Synthetic Dyes
	7 Methods of Dyeing
		7.1 UV Radiations
		7.2 US Radiations
		7.3 MW Radiation
	8 Role of Radiation in Textiles
	9 Methodology
		9.1 Effect of Microwave on Cotton Dyeing
	10 Effect of Microwave Treatment on Disperse Dyeing of Polyester Fabric
	11 Effect of Ultrasonic Radiation on Reactive Dyeing of Cotton
	12 Effect of Ultrasonic Radiation (US) on Disperse Dyeing
	13 Effect of UV Radiation on Polyester Fabric
	14 Conclusion
	References
Developments in Textile Continuous Processing Machineries
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Discontinuous or Batch-Type Systems
		1.2 Continuous Systems
		1.3 Semi-continuous Systems
	2 Continuous Processing Machineries
		2.1 Inspection Machine
		2.2 Shearing and Cropping
		2.3 Singeing Machine
		2.4 Desizing Range
		2.5 Continuous Bleaching Range
		2.6 Continuous Dyeing Ranges
		2.7 Stenter
	3 Conclusion