Advancement in Materials, Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Vol. I: Select Proceedings of ICAMME 2021 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Computational Investigation of Chatter for Face Mill Tool on VMC Using Different Shim Material with Experimental Validation
	1 Introduction
	2 Computational Analysis of Face Mill Tool
	3 Findings of Computational Analysis
	4 Experimental Analysis
	5 Data Collection of Vibration and Dynamic Motion Behaviour Analysis
		5.1 Data Collection
		5.2 Dynamic Motion Behaviour Analysis
	6 Result and Findings of Experimental Analysis
	7 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
2 Multispectral Imaging for Identification of Water Stress and Chlorophyll Content in Paddy Field Using Vegetation Indices
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Vegetation Water Stress Index
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
3 Condition Monitoring of Used Engine Oil by FTIR Spectroscopy—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 FTIR Spectroscopy
	3 Condition Monitoring of Used Engine Oil by FTIR Spectroscopy (a Review)
		3.1 Oxidation
		3.2 Hydrocarbons and Carbonyl Groups
		3.3 Infiltration of Diesel Fuel into Engine/Lubricating Oil
		3.4 Moisture
		3.5 Operating Effect
	4 Conclusion
	References
4 Next-Generation Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Based on Three-Dimensional Nanostructures with Improved Performance: Insights and Perspectives
	1 Introduction
	2 Three-Dimensional Nanostructures: Overview
	3 Electrochemical Energy Conversion
		3.1 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
		3.2 Conversion of N2 and CO2 Photoelectrocatalytically to Chemical Fuels
	4 Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
		4.1 Rechargeable Metal-Ion Batteries
		4.2 Supercapacitors
	5 Conclusion
	References
5 Algae Biofuel as a Substitute for Compression Ignition Engine: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Algae Biofuel
		2.1 Cultivation of Algae
		2.2 Algae Harvesting
		2.3 Algae Oil Extraction
	3 Emission and Performance Characteristics
	4 Conclusion
	References
6 Economic Growth in Maharashtra and India with Particular Reference to Electricity Consumption
	1 Introduction
	2 Electricity Generation
	3 Non-conventional Energy
	4 Renewable Energy
	5 Rural Electrification
	6 Electricity Consumption
	7 Economics
	8 Conclusion
	References
7 Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Impeller Guide Vane by Using CFD Technique with Different Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
	3 Computational Tools
		3.1 Modeling and Analysis
		3.2 Centrifugal Pump Impeller
		3.3 Mesh Generation and CFD Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 CFD Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Impeller
		4.2 Static Analysis of Centrifugal Siphon Impeller Vane
	5 Conclusion
	References
8 Study of Kinematic Chains of Group IV-D, E, and F: Part-Distinct Mechanisms
	1 Introduction
	2 The Joint–Joint Matrix
	3 Methodology
	4 Illustrative Example
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
9 Intermittency Reduction Techniques in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Intermittency Reduction Using Energy Storage Systems
	3 Intermittency Reduction Using Data Analytics and Forecasting-Based Approach
	4 Intermittency Reduction Using Cattle Power-Based Energy Generating Stations
	5 Intermittency Reduction Using Biogas and Fuel Cells
	6 Conclusion
	References
10 Multi-objective Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning Process for Minimization of Carbon Emission and Processing Time
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Calculation of Carbon Emission
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Mathematical Modeling of Responses
		4.2 Multi-objective Optimization
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
11 Numerical Heat Transfer Analysis of a Rectangular Microchannel Heat Sink with Graphene-based Nanofluids
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Microchannel Heat Sink Modeling
		2.2 Simulation Setup
		2.3 Governing Equation and Boundary Conditions
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Mass Flow Rate on Pressure Drop
		3.2 Effect of Nanoparticle Concentration on Pressure Drop (Δp)
		3.3 Effect of Volumetric Concentration on Heat Absorbed by the Fluid
		3.4 Effect of Concentration on Fluid Temperature
		3.5 Effect of Heat Load/Input on Temperature of Fluid
		3.6 Effect of Mass Flow Rate on ΔT
		3.7 Variation of Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient Along Flow Length
		3.8 Validation of Model
	4 Conclusions
	References
12 Study on Design and Performance Specifications of the Prosthetic Hands
	1 Introduction
	2 Prominent Models
		2.1 Ability Hand: 2019
		2.2 University of Illinois Hand (2015)
		2.3 University of Washington (UW) Hand (2013)
		2.4 Biomimetic Hand (2016)
		2.5 Hero Arm (2018)
		2.6 Dextrus Hand (2013)
		2.7 Vincent Evolution 3 (2018)
		2.8 Bebionic3 (2012)
	3 Specifications of Prosthetics
		3.1 Hand Weight and Size
		3.2 Actuator Characteristics
		3.3 Grip Force
		3.4 Joint Coupling Method
	4 Conclusions
	References
13 A Multi-stage Evolutionary Tomographic Reconstruction Algorithm Using Ultrasound Time-of-Flight Projections
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Reconstruction Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
14 Recent Trends on Furnace Design and Stirrer Blade Geometry Used in Stir Caster: A Focused Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Liquid State Stir Casting Method
		2.1 Casting Furnace Design
		2.2 Stirrer Blade Geometry
	3 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects
	Acknowledgements
	References
15 Design Consideration for e-Rikshaw with Regeneration Capability
	1 Introduction
	2 e-Rikshaw Drive System
	3 Shape of e-Rikshaw
	4 Rolling Resistance
	5 Gear System
	6 Weight of Vehicle
	7 Kinetic Energy
	8 Motor for e-Rikshaw
	9 Inverter/Converter Topology
	10 Battery Bank
	11 Drive Motor Rating for e-Rikshaw
	12 Conclusions
	References
16 Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of 2D-MoS2 Nanostructures at Varying Sonication Times and Their Subsequent Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Reagents and Apparatus
		2.2 Preparation of Samples
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 FE-SEM Imaging
		3.2 X-ray Diffraction
		3.3 Raman Spectroscopy
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
17 Grid Synchronization Techniques: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Grid Synchronization
	3 Various Methods of Synchronization
		3.1 Open-Loop Techniques
		3.2 Closed-Loop Techniques
	4 Conclusion
	References
18 Removing Error and Estimating an Accurate Finite Element Model of Graphite–Epoxy Composite Laminate Structure Using Direct Updating Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Updating of Spatial Model, Modal Model, and Response Model of the Uncertain Simulated Finite Element Model
		2.1 Spatial Model
		2.2 Modal Model
		2.3 Response Model
	3 Numerical Study
	4 Unique Ideas of the Present Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
19 Human-Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM): A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Human-Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) Arrangement
		2.1 Construction of System
		2.2 Operational Characteristic of the Machine
		2.3 Mechanism
	3 Data-Based Model (Experimental)
		3.1 Scheme of Experimentation
		3.2 Experimentation: This is in Two Stages
		3.3 Formulation of Experimental Model
		3.4 Result Analysis
		3.5 Plan of Experimentation
		3.6 Generalized Experimental Model
		3.7 Optimization of I, EM, G
	4 Applications of HPFM [25]
		4.1 Bamboo Sliver Cutting [26]
		4.2 Oil Expeller Machine
		4.3 HPFM-Operated Chaff Cutter
		4.4 Stirrup Forming Operation Using HPFM
		4.5 HPFM-Based Turmeric Polishing Machine
		4.6 HPFM-Energized Fertilizer Mixer
		4.7 Pedal-Operated Paddy Thresher
	5 Conclusion
	References
20 Finite Element Analysis-Based Geometry Optimization of a Disk Brake
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Disk Structure
	3 FEA Simulation of Disk
	4 Optimized Design Validation with Old Geometry
	5 Thermal Analysis of Brake Disk
	6 Conclusion
	References
21 Modeling and Simulation of Electrical Discharge Machining—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling in Electro-Discharge Machining Process
		2.1 Simulation in EDM Process
	3 Various Types of Modeling in EDM Process
		3.1 Empirical Modeling in EDM Process
		3.2 Semiempirical Modeling in EDM Process
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
22 Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanomaterials, Synthesized by a Green Technological Approach Using Lemon Juice
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Method of Synthesis of CoFe2O4
		2.2 Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Structural Analysis
			3.1.1 XRD Analysis
			3.1.2 Microstructure Analysis
		3.2 FTIR Spectroscopy
		3.3 UV–Visible Spectroscopy
		3.4 PL Spectroscopy
		3.5 Magnetic Measurements
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
23 Automation in Inventory Management in MSME (Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises) Warehouse by Use of Robots
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Racks
		2.2 Robot
		2.3 Data Reading System
		2.4 Implementation
	3 Conclusion
	References
24 A Review of the Mechanical Properties and Erosion Behavior of HVOF Sprayed Nanocomposite Coatings
	1 Introduction
	2 High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Spray Coating Technique
	3 HVOF Sprayed Nanocomposite Coatings
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
25 Kitchen Waste Utilization Using Biogas Plant—Need of the Hour
	1 Introduction
		1.1 History and Statistics of Biogas in India
		1.2 Utilization of LPG
		1.3 Comparative Study Between LPG and Biogas
	2 Principle of Biogas Plant
	3 Methodology
	4 Analytical Methods and Calculation
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
26 Biosensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal for Poliovirus Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Model
	3 Structure and Materials
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
27 Assessment of Local River Sand Mould Property at Different Curing Temperatures
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Drying Procedure
		2.4 Moisture Test
		2.5 Mould Hardness
		2.6 Mould Compressive and Shear Strength
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Moisture
		3.2 Mould Hardness
		3.3 Mould Compressive Strength
		3.4 Mould Shear Strength
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
28 Microstructure and Interfacial Characterization Near Grain Boundary of Al2O3/SiC Reinforced AA 6061 Semi-solid Squeeze Cast Composite
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Microstructure of the Cast Composite
		3.1 Interface of the Al2O3-SiC with the Matrix
		3.2 Interface of the SiC with the Matrix
		3.3 Interface of the Al2O3 with the Matrix
	4 Mechanical Characteristics
	5 Fracture Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
29 Utilization of Stone-dust in Sand Mould Casting Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Drying Procedure
		2.4 Moisture Test
		2.5 Mould Hardness
		2.6 Mould Compressive and Shear Strength
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Moisture
		3.2 Mould Hardness
		3.3 Mould Compressive Strength
		3.4 Mould Shear Strength
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
30 Effect of Fe-Cr Mold Temperature on Mold Hardness, Compressive and Shear Strength
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and method
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Heating Procedure
		2.4 Moisture Test
		2.5 Mould Hardness
		2.6 Mould Compressive and Shear Strength
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Moisture
		3.2 Mould Hardness
		3.3 Mould Compressive Strength
		3.4 Mould Shear Strength
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
31 A Comprehensive Study on Electrical and Electronic Waste Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials in E-Waste
	3 Materials in E-Waste
	4 Effects of E-Waste
		4.1 Effects on Human Health
		4.2 Effects of E-Waste on Environment
		4.3 Informal Recycling
		4.4 Flaws of Informal Recycling Sectors
	5 Process Involved in Formal Recycling
		5.1 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
		5.2 Product Stewardship
	6 Duties of a Consumer
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	References
32 Investigating the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural, Luminescence, and Magnetic Properties of Nickel and Zinc Aluminate
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Synthesis of NiAl2O4 and ZnAl2O4 Nanoparticles
			2.2.1 Synthesis of NiAl2O4 Nanoparticles
			2.2.2 Synthesis of ZnAl2O4 Nanoparticles
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 X-Ray Diffraction Measurement
		3.2 Magnetic Measurement and Discussion
		3.3 Photoluminescence Measurement
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
33 Review of Battery Technologies Available for Promoting Electric Mobility in Urban India
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Lead-Acid Batteries
		3.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries
			3.1.1 NMC (Lithium Manganese Cobalt Oxide)
			3.1.2 LTO (Lithium Titanate)
			3.1.3 LFP (Lithium Phosphate)
			3.1.4 Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery
		3.2 Nickel–Cadmium Batteries
		3.3 Zebra Battery Technology
		3.4 Nickel-Zinc Batteries
	4 Comparison
	5 Indian Context
		5.1 Upcoming Energy Technology and Innovation Enables “Make in India”
		5.2 Battery Cells, Packs and Materials
		5.3 Last-Mile Connectivity and Rural Transport
	6 Conclusion
	References
34 Application of Combined Compromise Solution Method for Material Selection
	1 Introduction
	2 Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) Method
	3 Illustrative Examples
		3.1 Cryogenic Storage Tank
		3.2 Light Load Wagon Wall
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
35 Analysis of Performance and Emission Parameters in Direct Injection Diesel Engine by Using Biodiesel Blended with Additives
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials Used
		2.1 Argemone Mexicana Biodiesel Preparations
		2.2 Di-methyl Carbonate (DMC) as an Additive
		2.3 Preparation of Fuel Blends
	3 Experimental Setup
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Engine Performance Characteristics
			4.1.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
			4.1.2 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
			4.1.3 Exhaust Gas Temperature
		4.2 Emission Analysis
			4.2.1 Hydrocarbon (HC) Emissions
			4.2.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions
			4.2.3 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emissions
	5 Conclusions
	References
36 Femur Bone Implant Plate Design Analysis Under Varying Fracture Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Material Selection
		2.2 Design of Plate and Assembly
		2.3 Meshing
		2.4 Assumptions and Boundary Conditions
	3 Results
		3.1 Total Deformation
		3.2 Maximum Equivalent Stress
		3.3 Maximum Principal Stress
		3.4 Fatigue Performance
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
37 Study of Electrical and Mechanical Parameters of Electromagnetic Railgun
	1 Introduction
	2 Comparison of Electromagnetic Railgun with Conventional Weaponry
	3 Derivation of Force, Acceleration and Speed of Projectile
	4 Equivalent Circuit and Electrical Behaviour of Electromagnetic Railgun
	5 Derivation of Mechanical Parameters of Electromagnetic Railgun
		5.1 Simulation of Electromagnetic Railgun
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Proposed Improvements to Design of Railgun
	8 Conclusions
	References
38 Performance Analysis of Optimal Designed Photovoltaic/Diesel Generator-Based Hybrid Energy System Coupled to Utility Grid
	1 Introduction
	2 Hybrid System Configuration
	3 Mathematical Modelling
		3.1 Model of PV Array
		3.2 Model of Diesel Generator
		3.3 Model of Utility Grid
	4 Objective Function
	5 Operational Algorithm
	6 Results and Discussions
		6.1 Data Inputs Used
			6.1.1 Data of Solar Radiation
			6.1.2 Cost of PV Array
			6.1.3 Cost of DG
			6.1.4 Hourly Load Demand of the Area
			6.1.5 Interest Rate and Project Lifetime
			6.1.6 Grid Purchase Price and Grid Sale Price
			6.1.7 Converter Cost
		6.2 Results and Discussions
			6.2.1 Optimum Configuration of Hybrid System
			6.2.2 Component Wise Electricity Generation
			6.2.3 Component Wise Part in Total Net Present Cost
			6.2.4 Break-up of Total NPC
			6.2.5 Performance Indicators of DG
			6.2.6 Performance Indicators of PV Array
			6.2.7 Performance Indicators of Grid
	7 Conclusions
	References
39 Effective Control of Response of a Reinforced Concrete Building Under Seismic Loads Using Tuned Liquid Damper
	1 Introduction
		1.1 TLD
	2 Proposed Algorithm
		2.1 TLD Behaviour
		2.2 Methodology
		2.3 TLD Modelling
	3 Experiment Results
		3.1 Base Shear
		3.2 Maximum Storey Displacements
		3.3 Storey Drift
		3.4 Spectral Displacement
		3.5 Spectral Acceleration
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Scope
	References
40 A Review on Tribo-Mechanical Behaviour and Corrosion Performance of AA8000 Based Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Review Literature
		2.1 Mechanical Properties
		2.2 Tribological Properties
		2.3 Corrosion Properties
	3 Industrial Application of Aluminium Matrix Composites
	4 Conclusion
	References
41 Plasma Processing of Carbon Dioxide
	1 Introduction
	2 Plasma Fundamentals
		2.1 Thermal Plasmas
		2.2 Non-Thermal Plasmas
	3 Developments So Far
	4 Conclusions
	References
42 Metal-Inorganic Nickel Complexes-Derived Nanostructured Nickel Oxide as an Efficient Water Oxidation Catalyst
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Synthesis β-Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticles
		2.3 Material Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
43 Synthesis and Morphological Study of Ethylene Diamine-Based Nickel Oxide Flower-Like Nanostructure
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Synthesis of β-Ni(OH)2
		2.3 Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 X-ray Diffraction
		3.2 Morphological Study
		3.3 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
44 Automated Real-Time Transformer Health Monitoring System Using the Internet of Things (IoT)
	1 Introduction
		1.1 GPRS Technology Used
		1.2 Transformer Health Parameters
	2 Proposed IoT-Based Model
		2.1 Block Diagram
		2.2 Hardware
		2.3 Software
	3 Impact on Transformer Life—Case Study
	4 Conclusions
	5 Future Scope
	References
45 A Comprehensive Study on Adaptive MPPT Control Techniques for Efficient Power Generation
	1 Introduction
	2 PV MPPT Techniques
		2.1 Perturb and Observe MPPT Technique
		2.2 Artificial Neural Network MPPT Technique (ANN)
		2.3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-Based MPPT Technique
		2.4 Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-Based MPPT Technique
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
46 Preliminary Design and Flow Analysis of Domestic Chimney for Water Boiling Using Finite Volume Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Properties and CAD Model
	3 Flow Simulation and Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
47 Revivification of Spent Lubricating Oil by Ecofriendly Extraction Flocculation Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Work
		2.1 Material and Methods
		2.2 Preparation of Activated Bentonite Clay as Adsorbent
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Factors Responsible for Maximizing the Percentage of Yield of Recovered Oil
		3.2 FTIR Analysis of Fresh, Used, and Recovered Lubricating Oil Using Two Different Solvent and Flocculant
		3.3 Comparison of Properties of Recovered Lubricating Oil
	4 Conclusion
	5 Limitation and Future Scope of the Study
	References
48 Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of the Copper Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy Route
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microstructure Analysis
		3.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Study
		3.3 Density
		3.4 Hardness
	4 Conclusion
	References
49 Assessment of the Chambal River Quality at Kota Metropolis Through the Drinking Water Quality Index and Irrigation Water Quality Index
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Research Methodology
	3 Observation
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Correlation Matrix
		4.2 Water Quality Index
		4.3 Irrigation Water Quality Index
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
50 Virtual Plan of the Domestic Enlistment Warming Framework to Reproduce Electromagnetic Boundaries
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometric Model of the Induction Heating System
		2.1 Coil Specification
		2.2 Mesh Model of the Developed System
		2.3 Temperature Variation of the Developed Induction Coil
		2.4 Magnetic Flux Density of the Induction Cooking Coil
	3 Heat Distribution of the Induction Heating System
	4 Conclusion
	References
51 Assessment of Urban Air Quality for Jodhpur City by the Air Quality Index (AQI) and Exceedance Factor (EF)
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Observation and Calculation
	4 Observation and Calculation
	5 Air Quality Index
	6 Exceedance Factor
	7 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References