Adolescence

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
About the Author
Expert Consultants
Preface
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
	The Historical Perspective
		Early History
		The Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
		Stereotyping of Adolescents
		A Positive View of Adolescence
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Wanting to Be Treated as an Asset
	Today’s Adolescents in the United States and Around the World
		Adolescents in the United States
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Gustavo Medrano, Clinical Psychologist
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Doly Akter, Improving the Lives of Adolescent Girls in the Slums of Bangladesh
		The Global Perspective
	The Nature of Development
		Processes and Periods
		Developmental Transitions
		CONNECTING WITH EMERGING ADULTS Chris Barnard
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Do Health and Well-Being Change in Emerging Adulthood?
		Developmental Issues
	The Science of Adolescent Development
		Science and the Scientific Method
		Theories of Adolescent Development
		Research in Adolescent Development
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Pam Reid, Educational and Developmental Psychologist
	APPENDIX CAREERS IN ADOLESCENT AND EMERGING ADULT DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 2 PUBERTY, HEALTH, AND BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
	Puberty
		Determinants of Puberty
		Growth Spurt
		Sexual Maturation
		Secular Trends in Puberty
		Psychological Dimensions of Puberty
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Attractive Blonde Females and Tall Muscular Males
		Are Puberty’s Effects Exaggerated?
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Strategies for Effectively Guiding Adolescents Through Puberty
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Anne Petersen, Researcher and Administrator
	Health
		Adolescence: A Critical Juncture in Health
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, University Professor in Pediatrics, Director of Community Efforts to Improve Adolescents’ Health, and Mentor for Underrepresented Adolescents
		Emerging Adults’ Health
		Nutrition
		Exercise and Sports
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS In Pitiful Shape
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Effective College Student Strategies for Exercising
		Sleep
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Effective College Student Strategies for Improving Sleep
	Evolution, Heredity, and Environment
		The Evolutionary Perspective
		The Genetic Process
		Heredity-Environment Interaction
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS AND EMERGING ADULTS Am I an “I” or “We”?
CHAPTER 3 THE BRAIN AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
	The Brain
		The Neuroconstructivist View
		Neurons
		Brain Structure, Cognition, and Emotion
		Experience and Plasticity
	The Cognitive Developmental View
		Piaget’s Theory
		Vygotsky’s Theory
	The Information-Processing View
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS We Think More Than Adults Think We Do
		Cognitive Resources
		Attention and Memory
		Executive Function
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Guiding Adolescents to Engage in Better Decision Making
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Laura Bickford, Secondary School Teacher
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Rochelle Ballantyne, Chess Star
	The Psychometric/Intelligence View
		Intelligence Tests
		Multiple Intelligences
		The Neuroscience of Intelligence
		Heredity and Environment
	Social Cognition
		Adolescent Egocentrism
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Are Social Media an Amplification Tool for Adolescent Egocentrism?
		Social Cognition in the Remainder of This Book
CHAPTER 4 THE SELF, IDENTITY, EMOTION, AND PERSONALITY
	The Self
		Self-Understanding and Understanding Others
		Self-Esteem and Self-Concept
		Self-Regulation
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING How Can Adolescents’ Self-Esteem Be Increased?
	Identity
		Erikson’s Ideas on Identity
		The Four Statuses of Identity
		Developmental Changes in Identity
		Identity and Social Contexts
		Identity and Intimacy
	Emotional Development
		The Emotions of Adolescence
		Hormones, Experience, and Emotions
		Emotion Regulation
		Emotional Competence
		Social-Emotional Education Programs
	Personality Development
		Personality
		Temperament
CHAPTER 5 GENDER
	Biological, Social, and Cognitive Influences on Gender
		Biological Influences on Gender
		Social Influences on Gender
		Cognitive Influences on Gender
	Gender Stereotypes, Similarities, and Differences
		Gender Stereotyping
		Gender Similarities and Differences
		Gender Controversy
		Gender in Context
	Gender-Role Classification
		Masculinity, Femininity, and Androgyny
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Cynthia de las Fuentes, College Professor and Counseling Psychologist
		Transgender
	Developmental Changes and Junctures
		Early Adolescence and Gender Intensification
		Is Early Adolescence a Critical Juncture for Females?
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING How Can We Best Guide Adolescents’ Gender Development?
CHAPTER 6 SEXUALITY
	Exploring Adolescent Sexuality
		A Normal Aspect of Adolescent Development
		The Sexual Culture
		Developing a Sexual Identity
		Obtaining Research Information About Adolescent Sexuality
	Sexual Attitudes and Behavior
		Heterosexual Attitudes and Behavior
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Struggling with a Sexual Decision
		CONNECTING WITH EMERGING ADULTS Christine’s Thoughts About Sexual Relationships
		Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes and Behavior
		Self-Stimulation
		Contraceptive Use
	Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence
		Adolescent Pregnancy
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Sixteen-Year-Old Alberto: Wanting a Different Kind of Life
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Lynn Blankinship, Family and Consumer Science Educator
		Sexually Transmitted Infections
		Forcible Sexual Behavior and Sexual Harassment
	Sexual Literacy and Sex Education
		Sexual Literacy
		Sources of Sex Information
		Cognitive Factors
		Sex Education in Schools
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING What Is the Most Effective Sex Education?
CHAPTER 7 MORAL DEVELOPMENT, VALUES, AND RELIGION
	What Moral Development Is and the Domains of Moral Development
		What Is Moral Development?
		Moral Thought
		Moral Behavior
		Moral Feeling
		Moral Personality
		Social Domain Theory
	Contexts of Moral Development
		Parenting
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING How Can We Raise Moral Children and Adolescents?
		Schools
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Finding a Way to Get a Playground
	Values, Religion, and Spirituality
		Values
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Nina Vasan, Superstar Volunteer and Author
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Constance Flanagan, Professor of Youth Civic Development
		Religion and Spirituality
CHAPTER 8 FAMILIES
	Family Processes
		Reciprocal Socialization and the Family as a System
		Maturation
	Adolescents’ and Emerging Adults’ Relationships with Their Parents
		Parents as Managers
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Needing Parents as Guides
		Parenting Styles
		Mothers, Fathers, and Coparenting
		Parent-Adolescent Conflict
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Martha Chan, Marriage and Family Therapist
		Autonomy and Attachment
		Emerging Adults’ Relationships with Their Parents
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Can Emerging Adults and Their Parents Coexist?
		Grandparents and Grandchildren
		Intergenerational Relationships
	Sibling Relationships
		Sibling Roles
		Birth Order
	The Changing Family in a Changing Society
		Working Parents
		Divorced Families
		CONNECTING WITH EMERGING ADULTS A College Student Reflects on Growing Up in a Divorced Family
		Stepfamilies
		Adoption
		Gay and Lesbian Parents
		Culture and Ethnicity
	Social Policy, Adolescents, and Families
CHAPTER 9 PEERS, ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS, AND LIFESTYLES
	Exploring Peer Relations and Friendship
		Peer Relations
		Friendship
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING What Are Effective and Ineffective Strategies for Making Friends?
		Loneliness
	Adolescent Groups
		Groups in Childhood and Adolescence
		Cliques and Crowds
		Youth Organizations
	Gender and Culture
		Gender
		Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity
		Culture
	Dating and Romantic Relationships
		Functions of Dating
		Types of Dating and Developmental Changes
		Emotion, Adjustment, and Romantic Relationships
		Romantic Love and Its Construction
		CONNECTING WITH EMERGING ADULTS Is Online Dating a Good Idea?
		Gender and Culture
	Emerging Adult Lifestyles
		Single Adults
		Cohabiting Adults
		Married Adults
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Susan Orenstein, Couples Counselor
		Divorced Adults
		Gay and Lesbian Adults
CHAPTER 10 SCHOOLS
	Approaches to Educating Students
		Contemporary Approaches to Student Learning
		Accountability
		Technology and Education
	Transitions in Schooling
		Transition to Middle or Junior High School
		Improving Middle Schools
		The American High School
		High School Dropouts
		Transition from High School to College
		Transition from College to Work
	The Social Contexts of Schools
		Changing Social Developmental Contexts
		Classroom Climate and Management
		Person-Environment Fit
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS “You Are the Coolest”
		Teachers, Parents, Peers, and Extracurricular Activities
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Bullying Prevention/Intervention
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Forensics Teacher Tommie Lindsey’s Students
		Culture
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Ahou Vaziri, Teach for America Instructor
	Adolescents Who Are Exceptional
		Who Are Adolescents with Disabilities?
		Learning Disabilities
		Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
		Autism Spectrum Disorders
		Educational Issues Involving Adolescents with Disabilities
		Adolescents Who Are Gifted
CHAPTER 11 ACHIEVEMENT, WORK, AND CAREERS
	Achievement
		The Importance of Achievement in Adolescence
		Achievement Processes
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Jaime Escalante, Secondary School Math Teacher
		CONNECTING WITH EMERGING ADULTS Hari Prabhakar, Student on a Path to Purpose
		Social Motives, Relationships, and Contexts
		Some Motivational Obstacles to Achievement
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Can You Tackle Procrastination?
	Work
		Work in Adolescence
		Working During College
		Work/Career-Based Learning
		Work in Emerging Adulthood
	Career Development
		Developmental Changes
		Cognitive Factors
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Grace Leaf, College/Career Counselor and College Administrator
		Identity Development
		Social Contexts
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Armando Ronquillo, High School Counselor/College Advisor
CHAPTER 12 CULTURE
	Culture, Adolescence, and Emerging Adulthood
		The Relevance of Culture for the Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
		Cross-Cultural Comparisons
		Rites of Passage
	Socioeconomic Status and Poverty
		What Is Socioeconomic Status?
		Socioeconomic Variations in Families, Neighborhoods, and Schools
		Poverty
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING How Do the Eisenhower Quantum Opportunities and El Puente Programs Help Youth in Poverty?
	Ethnicity
		Immigration
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Carola Suárez-Orozco, Immigration Studies Researcher and Professor
		Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Special Juncture for Ethnic Minority Individuals
		Ethnicity Issues
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS Seeking a Positive Image for African American Youth
	Media/Screen Time and Technology
		Media/Screen Time
		Television
		The Media and Music
		Technology and Digitally Mediated Communication
		Social Policy and the Media
CHAPTER 13 PROBLEMS IN ADOLESCENCE AND EMERGING ADULTHOOD
	Exploring Adolescent and Emerging Adult Problems
		The Biopsychosocial Approach
		The Developmental Psychopathology Approach
		Characteristics of Adolescent and Emerging Adult Problems
		Stress and Coping
		CONNECTING WITH ADOLESCENTS All Stressed Out
		Resilience
		CONNECTING WITH HEALTH AND WELL-BEING What Coping Strategies Work for Adolescents and Emerging Adults?
	Problems and Disorders
		Drug Use
		Juvenile Delinquency
		CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Rodney Hammond, Health Psychologist
		Depression and Suicide
		Eating Disorders
	Interrelation of Problems and Prevention/Intervention
		Adolescents with Multiple Problems
		Prevention and Intervention
		Glossary
		References
		Name Index
		Subject Index