About Star Architecture: Reflecting on Cities in Europe

About Star Architecture
	Acknowledgements
	Contents
	List of Figures
	List of Tables
	Authors Biography
	1: Introduction: Star Architecture in and Across Cities in Europe
		1	 Setting the Stage
		2	 About Star Architecture
		3	 Why Cities in Europe
		4	 Perspectives and Methods to Study Star Architecture’s Urban Interplays
		5	 Structure of the Book
		References
	I: Approaching Star Architecture in and Across Cities in Europe
	2: Star Architecture as Socio-Material Assemblage
		1	 Stardom and Icons: What Else?
		2	 Star Architecture as Socio-Material Assemblage
		3	 Who’s and Where’s of Star Architecture Making
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	3: The Representation of Star Architecture between Local and Global Identities
		1	 European Cities within the Global Network
		2	 Fluid Urban Identities
		3	 Architectural Representation in Cultural Theory
		4	 Representation I: Symbolic Values of Architectural Commodities
		5	 Representation II: Highly Visible Cities
		6	 Representation III: Hyperreal Urban Projects
		7	 Representation as Cohesion
		References
	4: Star Architecture’s Interplays and Effects on Cities
		1	 Star Architecture: A Product or a Process?
		2	 Interplays of Effects and Impact
		3	 The Intricacies of the Impact Model
		4	 Managing Complexity
		References
	5: Star Architecture and the Field of Urban Design
		1	 The City and Urban Design: A View from above
			The Semantic Field of Urban Design
			The Emergence of Urban Design in Neoliberal Times
				Urban Renaissance
				The Second Phase of Regeneration
		2	 The Field from Below
			Firms and Urban Design
			Professionals – Urban Designers?
		3	 Conclusions
		References
	6: Star Architecture Spreads in Europe: Culture-Led Waterfront Projects Between 1990 and 2015
		1	 Introduction: Transnational Mobilities of Star Architecture Projects and New Mixed Methods
		2	 Background Study: Transnational Mobilities of Culture-Led Projects for Waterfront Regeneration
		3	 Exploring Transnational Star Architectural Projects in Europe: A General Overview
		4	 Cultural Facilities as Part of Waterfront Redevelopments in Europe
			Culture-Led Projects in Europe
			Culture-Led Waterfront Redevelopments in Europe 1990–2015
			Five Case Studies of Culture-Led Waterfront Regeneration and Star Architecture Projects
				Porto Antico (Genoa, 1992), Designed by Renzo Piano
				Tate Modern (London, 2000), Designed by Herzog & de Meuron
				Norwegian National Opera and Ballet (Oslo, 2008), Designed by Snohetta
				Harpa Concert Hall and Conference Centre (Reykjavik, 2011), Designed by Henning Larsen Architects
				Musée des Confluences (Lyon, 2014), Designed by Coop Himmelb(l)au
		5	 Conclusion: Star Architecture, Urban Transformation and the Waterfront Project Spread
		Appendix
		References
	II: Star Architecture and the Media
	7: The Circulation of News and Images: Star Architecture and Its Media Effects
		1	 The “Star” in Star Architecture
		2	 How to Research the Media Effect of Star Architecture on Cities
		3	 Architecture Projects That Are Bigger than Their Cities: Three Case Studies
		4	 Empirical Findings
		5	 Busting the “Media Effect” Myth of Star Architecture!
		References
	8: Architecture of the Image: Photography Acting in Urban Landscapes
		1	 Spectacular Architecture and Photographic Images
		2	 Contemporary Architecture in the Media System
		3	 Rendering Architectural
		4	 Architectural Photography: Promotion and Critique
		5	 Architectural Portraits and Social Media
		6	 Strategies of Communication, Strategies of Design: Three Examples
		7	 Conclusions: Acting to Construct the Real and Virtual Imageries of Spectacular Architecture
		References
	9: Star Architecture from Below: Narratives and Images from Social Networks
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Study of the Touristic Reception of Star Architecture
		3	 The Use of Social Networks to Identify the Tourist Gaze upon Star Architecture
		4	 Methods
		5	 Circulations of the Expression “Star Architecture” on Instagram
		6	 The Importance of Architecture in the Narratives on TripAdvisor
		7	 A Grammar of Statements on the Star Architectural Buildings: The Cases of Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and Fondation Louis Vuitton
		8	 Conclusion: Star Architecture from Below
		References
	III: Urban Performances of Star Architecture
	10: The Multifarious Effects of Star Architecture: The Case of the Kunsthaus Graz
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Genesis of the Kunsthaus Graz: A City with Rich Cultural Heritage and Poor Exposure Seeks to Capture Attention
		3	 The Kunsthaus as a Medium for Accentuating International Media Attention and for Attracting Tourists
		4	 The Role of the Kunsthaus Graz in Inducing Identification and Citizen Pride
		5	 The Contribution of the Kunsthaus Graz to Diversify the Economy and to Build New Global Linkages
		6	 The Kunsthaus Graz as a Trigger for Upgrading the Lend District and Connecting the Divided City
		7	 Multifarious Effects of Star Architecture Projects and Their Origins
		References
	11: Situating Star Architecture: The Case of Phaeno in Wolfsburg
		1	 Introduction: Situating a Star Architecture Project in Wolfsburg
		2	 The History of Wolfsburg as Context for the Phaeno
		3	 The Urban Morphological Effects of the Architecture of the Phaeno
		4	 Generating Identity and Attracting Tourists
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	12: The Political Context of Star Architecture Projects: The Case of the Kultur- und Kongresszentrum Luzern (KKL)
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Realisation of an Unlikely Project
			Building Momentum by Mastering the Hurdles of Direct Democracy
			Market Acceptance and Local Economic Impact Momentum
		3	 The Key Factors Shaping the KKL Project
			Public Perception of a Historical Need
			A Special Form of Public-Private Partnership
			A Multifunctional and Inclusive Programme
			Legitimation Through “Star” Authors
		4	 Lessons Learned
		References
	13: Star Architecture and the Boundaries of Tourism: The Case of Paris
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Emblematic Architecture: Some Definitions
			“Flagship”, “Iconic” and “Starchitectural”: How Should Emblematic Architectural Works Be Described?
			Architecture as a Spatial Event
			Emblematic Architecture, Spatial Event and Tourism: A Few Questions
		3	 Emblematic Architecture and Metropolises: What Possibilities to Expand Tourist Boundaries?
			The Heritage of City Centres and Emblematic Architectural Constructions: A Complex Relationship
			Star Architecture: A Pioneer of the “Tourist Conquest” of Urban Fringes?
				Rome: Towards the Reinvention of Urban Tourism Through Star Architecture
				The Tourist Conquest of the South Bank
			Location Logics: Between Event Opportunity and Market
		4	 Paris: Geography of Emblematic Architecture and Its Tourism-Related Impact
			Paris, a Hypercentral Location for Emblematic Architecture?
			The Fondation Louis Vuitton, Bois de Boulogne
			The Philharmonie de Paris and the Renewal of North-East Paris
			La Seine Musicale on Île Seguin
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	14: Eurostar Architecture: Comparing High-Speed Rail Stations in Europe
		1	 Star Architecture for High-Speed Rail Stations
			Passenger Railway Stations as Urban Generators
			The Emergence of High-Speed Rail
			Research Perspectives on High-Speed Rail Stations for Urbanism and Architecture
			Star Architecture as Engine of Upgrading?
		2	 A Database of European HSR Stations and Their Architects
			A Method to Quantify the ‘Stardom’ of Architects
		3	 Results: Eurostar Architectures
		4	 Conclusions: The Space of Eurostar Architectures
		Appendix
		References
	IV: Star Architecture in Heritage Rich Cities
	15: Star Architecture Landing in UNESCO Sites: Local Frictions and Regulations
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Crossing World Heritage Files and Star Architecture Projects
			Database Construction
			Database Analysis
			In-Depth Case Study Analysis
		3	 How the Relationship Between Star Architecture and a World Heritage Site Is Established in Liverpool and Lens
			A Fourth Grace in Liverpool? The Taming of an Iconic Architecture
			An Assessment Referring to the Townscape Characteristics
			Lens: Two Joint Projects for Urban Regeneration
		4	 The Emerging of a UNESCO “Vocabulary” and “Discourse” Influencing Project Stakeholders
			Liverpool: Height as a Major Threat to Landscape
			The Louvre-Lens Museum: An Iconic Symbol of Regeneration
		5	 Towards New Systems of Regulation and Planning
			Liverpool: Pro-growth Coalition Vs Pro-regulation Coalition
			Lens: Regulation Tools and the Search for Cohesion
		6	 Conclusion
		References
	16: The Challenges of Star Architecture in Historic Cities: The Case of the Acropolis Museum in Athens
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Athens Museum: Star Architecture Under the Icon of the Acropolis
			“Brandscape” Versus Landscape
			The New Acropolis Museum: A Story with Several Twists
			A Controversial Architectural Project
			History of a Change in Attitude
		3	 Demolition to Affirm the New Monument
			A Complex Set of Actors
				Archaeologists and Architects: Differentiating Positions
				An International Heritage Dispute
				Positioning of the Famous Personalities and the Growing Conflict
				Public Versus Private Heritage
			Demolition, Conservation, and Restoration: An Eclectic Viewpoint
		4	 “Iconicity” and “Banality”: The Result of a Continually Renegotiated Viewpoint
		5	 As a Conclusion: The Cathedral and Its Forecourt, a Difficult Mediation
		Appendix
			Evolution of the Legislative Framework Concerning the Surroundings of the New Acropolis Museum
		References
	17: Star Architecture and the Urban Landscape: The Case of Vienna
		1	 Introduction
		2	 High-Rise Iconic Architecture in Vienna
			A Means to Reposition Vienna as an International Metropolis
			Tourism as a Motor for the Transformation in Vienna’s Landscape
			Regulating Vienna’s Cityscape
		3	 Historic Built Elements as Formative Pieces of the Viennese Urban Landscape
			The Horizontal Landscape
			UNESCO, City Authorities and the Canaletto Perspective
		4	 The Potential Loss of the UNESCO Title: A Sign of a New Urban Regime?
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	V: Conclusions
	18: Lessons Learnt and Future Research
		1	 Star Architecture as Collective Output and Process
		2	 Understanding the Role of Star Power beyond Branding
		3	 Explaining Star Architecture Where It Takes Place
		4	 Future Research About Star Architecture and European Cities
		References
	19: Commentary: Parallel Realities: Star Architecture and Overtourism in the Age of the Internet
		1	 Introduction: The Making of Star Architecture
		2	 The Quest for Global Visibility in the Age of the World Wide Web
		3	 The Quest for Identity in the Age of Overtourism
		4	 Parallel Realities
		References
	Index