A History of the English Parish: The Culture of Religion from Augustine to Victoria

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 9
ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 10
PREFACE......Page 15
BISHOPS' REGISTERS......Page 17
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS......Page 21
PART I THE ORIGINS OF THE PAROCHIAL SYSTEM......Page 29
CHAPTER ONE CHURCH AND PARISH......Page 31
CHRISTIANITY IN ROMAN BRITAIN......Page 34
THE MISSION OF ST AUGUSTINE AND THE CONVERSION OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS......Page 40
THE MINSTER SYSTEM......Page 45
THE PATRONAL CHURCH......Page 54
TOWARDS A PAROCHIAL SYSTEM......Page 58
CONCLUSION......Page 65
CHAPTER TWO RECTORS AND VICARS: FROM GRATIAN TO THE REFORMATION......Page 69
'THE CONTENTIOUS TITHE'......Page 71
CHURCH REFORM AND APPROPRIATION......Page 76
TITHE COLLECTION AND POPULAR RESISTANCE......Page 85
APPROPRIATION AND THE DEAD HAND......Page 90
DISSOLUTION AND LAY PATRONAGE......Page 92
CHAPTER THREE THE PARISH, ITS BOUNDS AND ITS DIVISION......Page 95
DEFINING A PARISH......Page 100
SAFEGUARDING THE BOUNDS......Page 104
HOW MANY AND HOW LARGE?......Page 108
THE PARISH, POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT......Page 114
CHAPELS AND CHAPELRIES......Page 119
THE UNION OF PARISHES......Page 124
PRIVATE CHAPELS AND ORATORIES......Page 128
CHANTRIES, COLLEGES AND GILD CHAPELS......Page 131
CONCLUSION......Page 137
CHAPTER FOUR THE URBAN PARISH......Page 141
HOW MANY AND HOW LARGE?......Page 144
PAROCHIAL WEALTH AND INCOME......Page 156
TOWNS, PLANTED AND ORGANIC......Page 161
URBAN AND RURAL......Page 172
The urban parish and local government......Page 173
The urban tithe......Page 174
The urban cemetery......Page 175
OTHER URBAN CHURCHES......Page 177
THE TOWN AND THE REFORMATION......Page 180
PART II THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PARISH......Page 181
THE SPIRITUAL HIERARCHY......Page 183
THE PRIEST IN THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH......Page 185
Education and ordination......Page 188
The priest in the community......Page 192
Privilege of the clergy......Page 202
Chaplain and chantry priest......Page 204
The parsonage......Page 205
THE LAY OFFICERS OF THE PARISH......Page 209
The churchwardens......Page 210
The sidesmen......Page 214
The parish clerk......Page 215
The sexton......Page 218
The vestry......Page 220
The constable......Page 221
The overseers of the poor......Page 223
The surveyor of highways......Page 226
CHAPTER SIX THE ECONOMICS OF THE PARISH......Page 228
ECCLESIA: THE SPIRITUAL INCOME......Page 229
The tithe......Page 236
The glebe......Page 242
Mortuaries......Page 248
Other spiritualities......Page 250
THE OUTGOINGS OF THE CHURCH......Page 251
PAROCHIA: THE PARISH INCOME......Page 257
The accounts......Page 258
The parochial balance sheet......Page 264
Bequests and parish rates......Page 265
Church property and church stock......Page 267
Church-ales and Hock-days......Page 268
Pews and pew-rents......Page 270
Bell-ringing and burials......Page 272
Miscellaneous sources......Page 273
THE OUTGOINGS OF THE PARISH......Page 274
The parish church......Page 275
CHAPTER SEVEN THE PARISH AND THE COMMUNITY......Page 278
IN LOVE AND CHARITY......Page 281
HOMO LUDENS......Page 286
THE CHURCH HOUSE......Page 293
PAROCHIAL CHARITY......Page 297
GILDS AND FRATERNITIES......Page 301
VILL, MANOR AND PARISH......Page 304
SECURITY AND SANCTUARY......Page 312
THE PARISH LIBRARY......Page 314
PARISH REGISTERS......Page 316
CHAPTER EIGHT THE PARISH AND THE CHURCH COURTS A MIRROR OF SOCIETY......Page 319
THE ARCHDEACON AND HIS COURT......Page 322
EXCOMMUNICATION AND PENANCE......Page 324
THE SUMMONER......Page 326
PROCEDURES OF THE CHURCH COURTS......Page 327
THE COURTS AND SOCIETY......Page 330
1. Wills and testaments......Page 333
2. Churches and churchyards......Page 335
3. Religious obligations......Page 337
4. Tithes and mortuaries......Page 338
5. Courtship, betrothal and marriage......Page 339
6. Slander and defamation......Page 346
7. Sorcery and magic......Page 348
CONCLUSION......Page 351
CHAPTER NINE THE PARISH CHURCH, POPULAR CULTURE AND THE REFORMATION......Page 353
THE CALENDAR......Page 358
WITCHCRAFT AND SORCERY......Page 361
THE WORLD TURNED UPSIDE-DOWN......Page 363
THE CHURCH AND FOLK-ART......Page 367
THE MEDIA OF MEDIEVAL ART......Page 369
The doom......Page 371
Saints and martyrs......Page 372
Moralities......Page 374
Scenes from everyday life......Page 375
Graffiti......Page 377
The grotesque......Page 381
The Green Man......Page 385
The tree of life and the survival of paganism......Page 387
CHURCH DECORATION......Page 390
THE REFORMATION AND POPULAR CULTURE......Page 392
PART III THE PARISH AND ITS CHURCH......Page 397
CHAPTER TEN THE PARISH: ITS CHURCH AND CHURCHYARD......Page 399
THE CHURCH IN ITS PARISH......Page 401
THE CHURCH PLAN......Page 403
The Romanesque......Page 408
The evolution of the Gothic plan......Page 409
Aisles......Page 413
Transepts......Page 414
Porch......Page 415
Tower......Page 416
Chapels and chantries......Page 420
The post-Reformation church......Page 422
CHURCH REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE......Page 423
BUILDING A CHURCH......Page 425
Adderbury parish church......Page 426
Bodmin parish church......Page 427
Louth church spire......Page 430
Other documented buildings......Page 432
PATRONS AND PATRONAGE......Page 436
THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE PARISH CHURCH......Page 440
THE CEMETERY......Page 445
Death and burial......Page 448
Memento mortis......Page 453
Consecration and desecration......Page 455
CHAPTER ELEVEN THE FABRIC OF THE CHURCH: THE PRIEST’S CHURCH......Page 458
INVENTORIES......Page 460
Lights......Page 462
Vestments......Page 463
Sound and smell......Page 465
CHANCEL AND ALTAR......Page 468
THE ROOD AND ROOD-SCREEN......Page 474
STRIPPING THE ALTARS......Page 479
The rood and rood-loft......Page 485
Ornaments and vessels......Page 488
POST-REFORMATION......Page 490
THE NAVE: ITS SIZE AND PLAN......Page 492
The parish chest......Page 494
PULPITS AND PEWS......Page 496
THE AUDITORY CHURCH......Page 508
'THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE'......Page 518
THE PARISH CLOCK......Page 519
Baptism......Page 520
Confirmation......Page 521
Marriage......Page 522
Death and burial......Page 523
IN MEMORIAM......Page 524
The royal arms......Page 525
POSTSCRIPT......Page 526
The decay of the parish......Page 527
Tractarians and Ecclesiologists......Page 531
New churches for new parishes......Page 534
1 CHURCH AND PARISH......Page 539
2 RECTORS AND VICARS......Page 545
3 THE PARISH, ITS BOUNDS AND ITS DIVISION......Page 548
4 THE URBAN PARISH......Page 554
5 THE PARISH AND ITS SERVANTS......Page 560
6 THE ECONOMICS OF THE PARISH......Page 567
7 THE PARISH AND THE COMMUNITY......Page 574
8 THE PARISH AND THE CHURCH COURTS......Page 581
9 THE PARISH CHURCH, POPULAR CULTURE AND THE REFORMATION......Page 587
10 THE PARISH: ITS CHURCH AND CHURCHYARD......Page 591
11 THE FABRIC OF THE CHURCH: THE PRIEST'S CHURCH......Page 597
12 THE PEOPLE'S CHURCH: THE NAVE AND THE LAITY......Page 601
INDEX......Page 607