4D Fetal Echocardiography

Cover......Page 1
FOREWORD......Page 2
PREFACE......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 5
Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Diseases......Page 10
Second Trimester Screening of Congenital Heart Disease......Page 17
The Examination of the Normal Fetal Heart......Page 29
Real Time Three Dimensional Fetal Echocardiography Using Two Dimensional Array Technology.......Page 38
Rendering Cardiac Volumes in Three and Four-Dimensional Ultrasonography......Page 47
Analysis of Acquired Volumes: Methodological Approach......Page 59
The Applications of HD and B Flow in 4D Echocardiography......Page 71
3D Live Echocardiography with Matrix Probes......Page 79
Automated Echocardiography......Page 87
Four D and 2D Echocardiographic Evaluation of Anomalies of the Venous Connections......Page 93
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Fetal Atrial, Ventricular and Atrioventricular Septal Defects......Page 103
4D Study of Right Heart Anomalies......Page 112
4D Study of Left Heart Anomalies......Page 127
Conotruncal Anomalies......Page 143
First Trimester Study of Fetal Heart with 4D Echocardiography......Page 155
Assessment of Cardiac Geometry and Stroke Volumes by 4D Fetal Echocardiography......Page 168
Feasibility, Technique and Potential Role of Fetal Cardiovascular MRI: Evaluation of Normal Anatomical Structures and Assessment......Page 186
Conclusions and Future Developments......Page 205
INDEX......Page 209