Yanzhuang Meteorite: Mineralogy and Shock Metamorphism

Preface
Contents
1 Samples and Experimental Methods
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Meteorite Samples
	1.3 Experimental Techniques
		1.3.1 Petrographic and Phase-Contrast Microscopies
		1.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy–energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis
		1.3.3 Electron Probe Microanalysis
		1.3.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy
		1.3.5 Raman Microprobe Analysis
		1.3.6 X-ray Micro-Diffraction In-Situ Analysis
		1.3.7 Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
		1.3.8 Proton-Induced X-ray Emission Analysis
		1.3.9 Laser Ablation ICP-MS
	References
2 General Introduction of the Yanzhuang Meteorite
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Falling Phenomenon of the Yanzhuang Meteorite
	2.3 General Characteristics of the Meteorite
		2.3.1 Light-Colored Chondritic Rock
		2.3.2 Black Melt Pockets and Veins
		2.3.3 Metal–Sulfide Veinlets
	2.4 Structures and Textures
		2.4.1 Textural Types of Chondrule
		2.4.2 Fragmentary Structures
		2.4.3 Fracture Structures
	2.5 Chemical Composition
	2.6 Mineralogical Composition
	2.7 Classification of the Meteorite
	2.8 Noble Gases and the Cosmic-Ray Exposure Age
	2.9 Summary
	References
3 Microstructures and Shock-Metamorphic Features of Minerals in Unmelted Chondritic Rock
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Cracks and Fractures
	3.3 Mosaic Textures
	3.4 Dislocations
		3.4.1 Olivine
		3.4.2 Pyroxene
	3.5 Brecciation and Structure Disorder
	3.6 Solid-State Phase Transition
		3.6.1 Diaplectic Glass
		3.6.2 High-Pressure Phase Transition
		3.6.3 Structural Variation in Pyroxene
	3.7 Solid-State Recrystallization and Intergranular Melting Recrystallization
	3.8 Microstructures in Kamacite and Taenite
	3.9 Summary
	References
4 Morphology and Petrography of Shock-Produced Melt Veins and Melt Pockets
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Morphological Features of Melt Veins and Melt Pockets
		4.2.1 Chondritic Melt Veins and Melt Pockets
		4.2.2 Fine Veins of Metal–sulfide
	4.3 Mineral Constituents in the Melt Veins and Melt Pockets
	4.4 Petrochemistry of Shock-Produced Melt Materials
	4.5 Pressure and Temperature Conditions for the Formation of Melt Veins and Melt Pockets
	4.6 Summary
	References
5 Transparent Minerals and Silicate Glass in Shock-Produced Melts
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Occurrence of Silicates with Two Different Geneses in the Shock-Produced Melts
	5.3 Occurrence of Silicate Glass in the Shock-Produced Melts
	5.4 Chemical Compositions of Silicate Minerals and Glass in the Shock-Produced Melts
	5.5 Tiny Spherules of Metal Distributed in the Interstices of Recrystalline Silicate Minerals
	5.6 Summary
	References
6 Vapor-Grown Crystals in the Yanzhuang Meteorite
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Vapor-Grown Crystals in the Pores and Cracks of Meteorite
		6.2.1 Troilite
		6.2.2 FeNi Metal
		6.2.3 Low-Ca Pyroxene
	6.3 Discussion on the Genesis of Vapor-Grown Crystals
	6.4 Summary
	References
7 Morphology and Cooling Rates of FeNi Metal–Sulfide Eutectic Blobs
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Morphological Features of FeNi Metal–Sulfide Eutectic Blobs
	7.3 Determination of Dendrite Arm Spacing or Cell Widths and Calculation of Cooling Rates
		7.3.1 Determination of Dendrite Arm Spacing or Cell Widths
		7.3.2 Calculation of Cooling Rates
	7.4 Cooling Conditions and Solidification History of Shock-Produced Melt
	7.5 Summary
	References
8 Intra-microstructures of FeNi Metal in Eutectic Blobs
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 General Features of FeNi Metal in Melt Veins and Melt Pockets
	8.3 Intra-microstructures of FeNi Metal in Melt Veins
	8.4 Intra-microstructures of FeNi Metal in Melt Pockets
	8.5 Formation Mechanism of Intra-microstructures of FeNi Metal
	8.6 Summary
	References
9 Spatiotemporal Pattern of FeNi Metal Melt Solidification and Crystallization Mechanism in Space
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Sample and Methods
	9.3 Spatiotemporal Pattern of FeNi Metal Melt Solidification
	9.4 Growth Mechanism of FeNi Metal Dendrites
	9.5 Driving Forces for Formation of Tetra-Concentric-Ring Structure
	9.6 Summary
	References
10 Fe–Mn–Na Phosphates and Al-Free Chromite in the Metal-Troilite Eutectic Nodule
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Fe–Mn–Na Phosphates in Chondritic Meteorites
	10.3 Metal-Troilite Eutectic Nodule No. 1 in Yanzhuang Shock Melt
		10.3.1 Mineral Composition of Shock Melt Containing Nodule No. 1
		10.3.2 Occurrence of Fe–Mn–Na Phosphate Spherules
		10.3.3 Composition of Fe–Mn–Na Phosphate Spherules
		10.3.4 Raman Spectra of Fe–Mn–Na Phosphates
		10.3.5 Synthesis of Fe–Mn–Na Phosphates
	10.4 Al-Free Chromite in the Nodule No. 1
		10.4.1 Occurrence of Al-Free Chromite
		10.4.2 Composition of Al-Free Chromite
		10.4.3 Raman Spectra of Al-Free Chromite
	10.5 Discussion on the Formation Mechanism of Metal + Troilite + Fe–Mn–Na Phosphates + Al-Free Chromite
	10.6 Summary
	References
11 Neutron Activation Analysis of Trace Elements in Yanzhuang
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 First Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
	11.3 Second Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
	11.4 Third Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
	11.5 Forth Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
	11.6 Fifth Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
	11.7 Summary
	References
12 LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Trace Elements in Yanzhuang
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Sample and Method
	12.3 Results
		12.3.1 Trace Element Concentrations of Whole-Rock Melt
		12.3.2 Trace Element Concentrations of Silicate Melt
		12.3.3 Trace Element Concentrations of FeNi Metal
	12.4 Redistribution of Elements upon Shock Melting
		12.4.1 Siderophile Elements
		12.4.2 Chalcophile Elements
		12.4.3 Lithophile Elements
		12.4.4 Rare Earth Elements
		12.4.5 Platinum Group Elements
	12.5 Summary
	References
13 PIXE Analysis of Trace Elements in Eutectic FeNi-FeS Blobs
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Sample and Method
	13.3 Elemental Mapping
	13.4 Line Scanning
	13.5 Summary
	References
14 Thermoluminescence Characteristics of Yanzhuang Meteorite
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Shock Characteristics of Thermoluminescence
		14.2.1 Peak Temperature and Sensitivity of TL of Chondrites
		14.2.2 TL of Naturally Shocked Chondrites and Shock Pressure
	14.3 Shift of Thermoluminescence of Naturally Shocked Meteorite
		14.3.1 β-Radiation-Induced Shift of Thermoluminescence
		14.3.2 Annealing-Caused Shift of Thermoluminescence
		14.3.3 Thermal Event Age
	14.4 Shock Effects and Thermoluminescence
	14.5 Summary
	References
15 Comparison of Shock Features in Yanzhuang with Those of Experimentally Shocked Jilin Meteorite
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Experimental Samples
	15.3 Shock Features in Shock-Loaded Jilin Meteorite Samples
	15.4 Comparison of the Naturally Shocked Yanzhuang Chondrite and Experimentally Shocked Jilin Chondrite
	15.5 Summary
	References
16 Shock History of Yanzhuang Meteorite
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Four Different Shock Phases in Yanzhuang
		16.2.1 Shock-Melt and Recrystallized Phase (M)
		16.2.2 Very Strong Shocked Phase (S6)
		16.2.3 Strong Shocked Phase (S5)
		16.2.4 Moderately Shocked Phase (S4)
	16.3 Deformation and Transformation Evolution of Yanzhuang Minerals
		16.3.1 Silicate Minerals
		16.3.2 Metallic Minerals
		16.3.3 Phosphate Minerals
		16.3.4 Chondrite
	16.4 Variation of Composition in Yanzhuang Under Shock
		16.4.1 Major Elements
		16.4.2 Volatile Elements
		16.4.3 Noble Gases 4He and 40Ar
	16.5 Formation Process and Main Shock Event of Yanzhuang
	16.6 Summary
	References