World malaria report 2020: 20 years of global progress and challenges

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and acronyms
This year’s report at a glance
Français
Avant-propos
Le rapport de cette annéeen un clin d’oeil
Español
Prefacio
El informe de este año de un vistazo
1. Introduction
2. Malaria milestones, 2000–2020
2.1 LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS
2.2 2000–2004
2.3 2005–2010
2.4 2011–2015
2.5 2016–2019
FIG. 2.1. Key milestones in the fight against malaria in the past 2 decades
3. Global trends in the burden of malaria
3.1 GLOBAL ESTIMATES OF MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS, 2000–2019
3.2 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO AFRICAN REGION,2000–2019
3.3 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION, 2000–2019
3.4 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION, 2000–2019
3.5 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION, 2000–2019
3.6 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO REGION OF THE AMERICAS, 2000–2019
3.7 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION, 2000–2019
3.8 CASES AND DEATHS AVERTED SINCE 2000, GLOBALLY AND BY WHO REGION
3.9 BURDEN OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY
4. Elimination
4.1 MALARIA ELIMINATION CERTIFICATION
4.2 E-2020 INITIATIVE
4.3 THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION
4.4 PREVENTION OF RE-ESTABLISHMENT
5. High burden to high impact approach
5.1 GALVANIZING POLITICAL WILL, MOBILIZING RESOURCES AND MOBILIZING COMMUNITY RESPONSE
5.2 USING STRATEGIC INFORMATION TO DRIVE IMPACT
5.3 IMPROVING WHO’S MALARIA POLICY-MAKING AND DISSEMINATION PROCESSES
5.4 COORDINATED RESPONSE
5.5 MALARIA IN HBHI COUNTRIES SINCE 2018
5.6 REPORTED MALARIA CASES IN HBHI COUNTRIES SINCE 2018 AND COMPARISONS WITH ESTIMATED CASES
6. Investments in malaria programmes and research
6.1 FUNDING TRENDS FOR MALARIA CONTROL AND ELIMINATION
6.2 INVESTMENTS IN MALARIA-RELATED R&D
7. Distribution and coverage of malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment
7.1 DISTRIBUTION AND COVERAGE OF ITNs
7.2 POPULATION PROTECTED WITH IRS
7.3 SCALE-UP OF SMC
7.4 COVERAGE OF IPTp USE BY DOSE
7.5 MALARIA DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
8. Global progress towards the GTS milestones
8.1 GLOBAL PROGRESS
8.2 WHO AFRICAN REGION
8.3 WHO REGION OF THE AMERICAS
8.4 WHO EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
8.5 WHO SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
8.6 WHO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
9. Biological threats
9.1 DELETIONS IN P. FALCIPARUM HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN 2 AND PROTEIN 3 GENES
9.2 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ACTs
9.3 THE GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF PFKELCH13 MOLECULAR MUTATIONS
9.4 VECTOR RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES
10. Malaria response during the COVID-19 pandemic
10.1 THE 2020 COVID-19 PANDEMIC
10.2 GLOBAL WORKSTREAMS ON SUSTAINING THE MALARIA RESPONSE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
10.3 GLOBAL HIGHLIGHTS IN THE MALARIA RESPONSE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
10.5 LEVELS OF SERVICE DISRUPTION BY COUNTRY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DELIVERY OF INTERVENTIONS
10.6 THE CONSEQUENCES OF SERVICE DISRUPTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
11. Key results,context and conclusion
11.1 KEY RESULTS
11.2 THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND THREATS TO THE MALARIA PROGRESS
11.3 CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
11.4 BUILDING A MORE PROSPEROUS FUTURE
11.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS
References
Annexes
Annex 1 – Data sources and methods
Annex 2
Annex 2 - A. WHO African Region, b. Central Africa
Annex 2 - A. WHO African Region, c. Countries with high transmission in East and Southern Africa
Annex 2 - A. WHO African Region, d. Countries with low transmission in East and Southern Africa
Annex 2 - B. WHO Region of the Americas
Annex 2 - C. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
Annex 2 - D. WHO South-East Asia Region
Annex 2 - E. WHO Western Pacific Region
ANNEX 3
ANNEX 3 – A. POLICY ADOPTION, 2019
ANNEX 3 – B. ANTIMALARIAL DRUG POLICY, 2019
ANNEX 3 – C. FUNDING FOR MALARIA CONTROL, 2017–2019
ANNEX 3 – D. COMMODITIES DISTRIBUTION AND COVERAGE, 2017–2019
ANNEX 3 – Ea. HOUSEHOLD SURVEY RESULTS, 2015–2019, COMPILED BY STATCOMPILER
ANNEX 3 – Eb. HOUSEHOLD SURVEY RESULTS, 2015–2019, COMPILED THROUGH WHO CALCULATIONS
ANNEX 3 – F. POPULATION DENOMINATOR FOR CASE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY RATE, AND ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS, 2000–2019
ANNEX 3 – G. POPULATION DENOMINATOR FOR CASE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY RATE, AND REPORTED MALARIA CASES BY PLACE OF CARE, 2019
ANNEX 3 – H. REPORTED MALARIA CASES BY METHOD OF CONFIRMATION, 2010–2019
ANNEX 3 – I. REPORTED MALARIA CASES BY SPECIES, 2010–2019
ANNEX 3 – J. REPORTED MALARIA DEATHS, 2010–2019