World History

BRIEF CONTENTS......Page 6
DETAILED CONTENTS......Page 7
MAPS......Page 18
CHRONOLOGIES......Page 20
DOCUMENTS......Page 21
PREFACE......Page 22
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 28
A NOTE TO STUDENTS ABOUT LANGUAGE AND THE DATING OF TIME......Page 30
THEMES FOR UNDERSTANDING WORLD HISTORY......Page 31
PART I THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS AND THE RISE OF EMPIRES (PREHISTORY TO 500 C.E.)......Page 32
Ch 1: The First Civilizations: The Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt......Page 34
The First Humans......Page 35
The Emergence of Civilization......Page 40
Civilization in Mesopotamia......Page 42
Egyptian Civilization: “The Gift of the Nile”......Page 48
New Centers of Civilization......Page 56
The Rise of New Empires......Page 62
Conclusion......Page 68
Suggested Reading......Page 69
CHAPTER 2 ANCIENT INDIA......Page 71
The Emergence of Civilization
in India: Harappan Society......Page 72
The Arrival of the Aryans......Page 76
Escaping the Wheel of Life:
The Religious World of
Ancient India......Page 84
The Rule of the Fishes:
India After the Mauryas......Page 91
The Exuberant World of Indian Culture......Page 92
CHAPTER 3 CHINA IN ANTIQUITY......Page 99
The Dawn of Chinese Civilization......Page 100
The Zhou Dynasty......Page 105
Th e First Chinese Empire: Th e Qin Dynasty......Page 113
Daily Life in Ancient China......Page 117
Chinese Culture......Page 120
CHAPTER 4 THE CIVILIZATION OF THE GREEKS......Page 128
Early Greece......Page 129
Th e Greek City-States (c. 750–c. 500 b.c.e.)......Page 132
Th e High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical
Greece......Page 138
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 145
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 148
The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander......Page 149
The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms......Page 151
FILM & HISTORY......Page 153
CHAPTER 5 THE FIRST WORLD CIVILIZATION: ROME, CHINA, AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE SILK ROAD......Page 161
Early Rome and the Republic......Page 162
The Roman Empire at Its Height......Page 169
FILM & HISTORY......Page 177
Crisis and the Late Empire......Page 178
Transformation of the Roman World:
The Development of Christianity......Page 180
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 181
The Glorious Han Empire (202 b.c.e.–221 c.e.)......Page 183
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 184
PART II NEW PATTERNS OF CIVILIZATION......Page 196
CHAPTER 6 THE AMERICAS......Page 198
America......Page 199
America......Page 211
Stateless Societies in the Americas......Page 216
CHAPTER 7 FERMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THERISEOFISLAM......Page 222
The Rise of Islam......Page 223
FILM & HISTORY......Page 225
The Arab Empire and Its Successors......Page 227
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 234
Islamic Civilization......Page 236
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 238
CHAPTER 8 EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN AFRICA......Page 251
The Emergence of Civilization......Page 252
The Coming of Islam......Page 257
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 258
States and Stateless Societies in Central
and Southern Africa......Page 266
African Society......Page 267
African Culture......Page 270
CHAPTER 9 THE EXPANSION OF CIVILIZATION IN SOUTHERN ASIA......Page 277
The Silk Road......Page 278
India After the Mauryas......Page 279
The Arrival of Islam......Page 282
Society and Culture......Page 287
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 289
The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia......Page 296
CHAPTER 10 THE FLOWERING OF TRADITIONAL CHINA......Page 306
China After the Han......Page 307
China Reunifi ed: The Sui, the Tang,
and the Song......Page 309
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 308
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 315
Explosion in Central Asia: Th e Mongol
Empire......Page 320
FILM & HISTORY......Page 324
The Ming Dynasty......Page 326
In Search of the Way......Page 328
The Apogee of Chinese Culture......Page 332
CHAPTER 11 THE EAST ASIAN RIMLANDS: EARLY JAPAN, KOREA, AND VIETNAM......Page 338
Japan: Land of the Rising Sun......Page 339
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 345
FILM & HISTORY......Page 349
Korea: Bridge to the East......Page 354
Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon......Page 356
CHAPTER 12 THE MAKING OF EUROPE......Page 364
The Emergence of Europe in the Early Middle Ages......Page 365
Europe in the High Middle Ages......Page 372
FILM & HISTORY......Page 375
Medieval Europe and the World......Page 389
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 378
CHAPTER 13 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND CRISIS AND RECOVERY IN THE WEST......Page 395
From Eastern Roman to Byzantine
Empire......Page 396
The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization (750–1025)......Page 404
The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire (1025–1453)......Page 406
The Crises of the Fourteenth Century......Page 410
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 412
Recovery: The Renaissance......Page 417
PART III THE EMERGENCE OF NEW WORLD PATTERNS (1500–1800)......Page 426
CHAPTER 14 NEW ENCOUNTERS: THE CREATION OF A WORLD MARKET......Page 428
An Age of Exploration
and Expansion......Page 429
The Portuguese Maritime Empire......Page 434
Spanish Conquests
in the ‘‘New World’’......Page 436
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 438
The Impact of European
Expansion......Page 439
Africa in Transition......Page 443
Southeast Asia in the Era
of the Spice Trade......Page 449
FILM & HISTORY......Page 450
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 453
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 455
CHAPTER 15 EUROPE TRANSFORMED: REFORM AND STATE BUILDING......Page 459
The Reformation of the
Sixteenth Century......Page 460
Europe in Crisis, 1560–1650......Page 470
Response to Crisis: The Practice of Absolutism......Page 477
England and Limited Monarchy......Page 479
The Flourishing of European Culture......Page 482
CHAPTER 16 THE MUSLIM EMPIRES......Page 487
The Ottoman Empire......Page 488
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 490
The Safavids......Page 498
The Grandeur of the Mughals......Page 501
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 507
CHAPTER 17 THE EAST ASIAN WORLD......Page 515
China at Its Apex......Page 516
Changing China......Page 524
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 525
Tokugawa Japan......Page 529
Korea and Vietnam......Page 539
CHAPTER 18 THE WEST ON THE EVE OF A NEW WORLD ORDER......Page 544
Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: An
Intellectual Revolution in the West......Page 545
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 548
Economic Changes and the Social Order......Page 554
Colonial Empires and Revolution in the Western
Hemisphere......Page 556
Toward a New Political Order and Global Conflict......Page 561
FILM & HISTORY......Page 559
The French Revolution......Page 563
The Age of Napoleon......Page 570
PART IV MODERN PATTERNS OF WORLD HISTORY (1800–1945)......Page 578
CHAPTER 19 THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERNIZATION: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY......Page 580
The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact......Page 581
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 586
The Growth of Industrial
Prosperity......Page 590
Reaction and Revolution: The Growth of Nationalism......Page 596
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 599
National Unification and the
National State, 1848–1871......Page 601
The European State, 1871–1914......Page 605
CHAPTER 20 THE AMERICAS AND SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE WEST......Page 613
Latin America in the Nineteenth
and Early Twentieth Centuries......Page 614
The North American Neighbors: The United States and Canada......Page 621
The Emergence of Mass Society......Page 626
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 630
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 632
Cultural Life: Romanticism and
Realism in the Western World......Page 633
Toward the Modern
Consciousness: Intellectual
and Cultural Developments......Page 636
CHAPTER 21 THE HIGH TIDE OF IMPERIALISM......Page 646
The Spread of Colonial Rule......Page 647
The Colonial System......Page 648
India Under the British Raj......Page 650
Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia......Page 653
Empire Building in Africa......Page 658
FILM & HISTORY......Page 661
The Emergence of Anticolonialism......Page 668
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 671
CHAPTER 22 SHADOWS OVER THE PACIFIC: EAST ASIA UNDER CHALLENGE......Page 675
The Decline of the Manchus......Page 676
FILM & HISTORY......Page 684
Chinese Society in Transition......Page 686
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 688
A Rich Country and a Strong
State: The Rise of Modern Japan......Page 689
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 698
CHAPTER 23 THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY CRISIS: WAR AND REVOLUTION......Page 703
The Road to World War I......Page 704
The Great War......Page 707
FILM & HISTORY......Page 711
War and Revolution......Page 716
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 722
An Uncertain Peace......Page 724
In Pursuit of a New Reality:
Cultural and Intellectual Trends......Page 729
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 730
CHAPTER 24 NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION, AND DICTATORSHIP: ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND LATIN AMERICA FROM 1919 TO 1939......Page 735
The Rise of Nationalism......Page 736
FILM & HISTORY......Page 739
Revolution in China......Page 748
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 752
Japan Between the Wars......Page 754
Nationalism and Dictatorship
in Latin America......Page 757
CHAPTER 2 5THE CRISIS DEEPENS: WORLD WAR II......Page 763
Retreat from Democracy:
Dictatorial Regimes......Page 764
The Path to War......Page 771
World War II......Page 775
The New Order......Page 781
FILM & HISTORY......Page 784
The Home Front......Page 787
Aftermath of the War......Page 792
PART V TOWARD A GLOBAL CIVILIZATION? THE WORLD SINCE 1945......Page 800
CHAPTER 26 EAST AND WEST IN THE GRIP OF THE COLD WAR......Page 802
The Collapse of the Grand Alliance......Page 803
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 806
Cold War in Asia......Page 809
From Confrontation to Coexistence......Page 814
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 816
FILM & HISTORY......Page 818
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 820
An Era of Equivalence......Page 822
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 827
CHAPTER 27 BRAVE NEW WORLD: COMMUNISM ON TRIAL......Page 830
The Postwar Soviet Union......Page 831
The Disintegration
of the Soviet Empire......Page 839
The East Is Red:
China Under Communism......Page 843
Society Under Communism......Page 852
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 855
CHAPTER 28 EUROPE AND THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SINCE 1945......Page 862
Recovery and Renewal in Europe......Page 863
FILM & HISTORY......Page 865
Emergence of the Superpower:
The United States......Page 870
The Development of Canada......Page 874
Latin America Since 1945......Page 875
Society and Culture
in the Western World......Page 881
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 892
CHAPTER 29 CHALLENGES OF NATION-BUILDING IN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST......Page 897
Uhuru: The Struggle
for Independence in Africa......Page 898
The Era of Independence......Page 900
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 907
Continuity and Change
in Modern African Societies......Page 908
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 913
Crescent of Conflict......Page 914
Society and Culture in the
Contemporary Middle East......Page 922
CHAPTER 30 TOWARD THE PACIFIC CENTURY?......Page 932
South Asia......Page 933
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS......Page 934
COMPARATIVE ESSAY......Page 940
Southeast Asia......Page 943
FILM & HISTORY......Page 946
Japan: Asian Giant......Page 951
The Little Tigers......Page 958
Pronunciation Guide......Page 987
Documents......Page 995
Map Credits......Page 1005
Photo Credits......Page 1007
Index......Page 1013