Working Beyond 60: Key Policies and Practices in Europe

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
List of Boxes......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 10
List of Tables......Page 12
The Geneva Association......Page 13
Foreword, Patrick M. Liedtke......Page 14
Foreword, Professor Alan Walker......Page 17
Acknowledgements......Page 19
Introduction......Page 22
Part I Working Beyond 60 – Why? The Global Picture: New Constraints and Opportunities......Page 30
Longer expectancy for life, health and retirement......Page 32
Changes in the population age structure......Page 36
Shrinking workforce and population......Page 39
The new life-cycle......Page 42
Training and education through life......Page 47
A new definition of old age......Page 51
Active ageing......Page 54
The need for a transition between work and retirement......Page 57
General outlook......Page 62
Forecasts of pension expenditure......Page 64
The additional difficulty of 20 years of early retirement......Page 67
Recent pension reforms......Page 70
Recent reforms reducing the early exit from work......Page 73
Scenarios on the key importance of increasing employment participation......Page 75
General outlook......Page 78
A changing labour market......Page 79
A changing labour force: a more feminine and older workforce......Page 83
A new work environment......Page 88
Part II Working Beyond 60 – How? The Reduction of Working Time and the Promotion of Age Management......Page 96
5 The Part-Time Model for Working Beyond 60......Page 98
Typical strengths and weaknesses of workers over 60......Page 99
Maintaining full-time employment later......Page 105
The benefits of part-time work for employers, employees and the community......Page 107
Implementation of the part-time model beyond 60......Page 115
The fourth pillar and the redesign of pensions......Page 120
The role of the European Commission......Page 123
The role of the OECD......Page 126
The role of European and national trade unions......Page 128
7 Recent Public Policies and Best Practice in Selected European Countries......Page 133
Finland: improving employment ability......Page 135
Denmark: creating incentives......Page 140
The United Kingdom: convincing employers......Page 144
The Netherlands: encouraging atypical work......Page 149
Germany: more awareness than willingness......Page 155
France: starting to reverse the trend......Page 161
Italy: reforming pensions before employment......Page 169
Switzerland: a high employment rate......Page 173
Hungary: a drastic change of direction......Page 178
8 Recent Company Measures and Best Practice in Selected European Firms......Page 184
Reduction of work time, gradual retirement, part-time work......Page 185
Career planning......Page 187
Continuing vocational training and lifelong education......Page 193
Ergonomics and mobility......Page 197
Seniority wages......Page 199
Pension regulations......Page 201
Anti-age discrimination legislation......Page 202
Codes of practice......Page 203
Part III Working Beyond 60 – For Whom? The Need for Fairness, Diversity and Flexibility......Page 210
The need for diversity and the importance of fairness......Page 212
The need for flexibility and the importance of informed choice......Page 215
Part IV Working Beyond 60 – Key Policies and Recommendations......Page 218
Comparative country synthesis, with strong factors and needed improvements......Page 220
Key policies for working beyond 60 and main recommendations......Page 221
Additional policies......Page 226
Bibliography......Page 230
C......Page 236
F......Page 237
L......Page 238
P......Page 239
T......Page 240
W......Page 241