Women at Work: An Economic Perspective (Rodolfo De Benedetti Lecture Series)

Contents......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 11
List of Tables......Page 13
List of Contributors......Page 15
Introduction. More Women at Work in Europe......Page 16
Part I. Women in the Labor Force: How Well is Europe Doing?......Page 22
1 Introduction......Page 24
2 Women’s Employment Patterns: Some Facts......Page 27
2.1 Women’s role in overall employment growth......Page 34
3.1 The rise of female employment: a brief review of explanations......Page 40
3.2 Explaining cross-country differences......Page 45
4 Job Segregation......Page 54
4.1 The data......Page 56
4.2 Who holds atypical jobs?......Page 59
4.3 Preferences for atypical jobs......Page 69
4.4 Wages in atypical jobs......Page 73
4.5 Conclusions......Page 78
5 Wage Gaps......Page 80
5.1 The evolution of the gender wage gap in the US......Page 81
5.2 Cross-country evidence on the gender wage gap......Page 82
5.3 Explaining the cross-country evidence on the gender wage gap......Page 87
5.4 The importance of sample selection......Page 90
5.5 Cross-country institutional differences and the gender wage gap......Page 92
5.6 Conclusions......Page 97
6.1 What do we know?......Page 98
6.2 Measuring experience in the labor market......Page 101
6.3 Measuring crowding-out in the youth labor market......Page 106
6.4 Conclusions......Page 110
7 What Policy Should Do......Page 111
Comments......Page 120
References......Page 130
Part II. Women’s Participation in the Labor Market and Fertility: The Effects of Social Policies......Page 136
Introduction......Page 138
8.1 Fertility and labor supply: their relationship......Page 140
8.2 Temporal patterns and cross-country differences......Page 142
8.3 The characteristics of the labor market......Page 146
8.4 From maternity to parental leave......Page 150
8.5 Childcare systems......Page 153
8.6 Child benefits......Page 156
8.7 Family patterns and family structure......Page 157
8.8 Comparing the effects of social policies......Page 161
8.9 Participation and fertility decisions: empirical results from ECHP......Page 163
8.10 Conclusions......Page 165
Appendix 8.A......Page 166
Appendix 8.B......Page 168
9.1 Parental employment and children’s wellbeing: relationship concerns......Page 169
9.2 The impact of parental employment on children’s wellbeing: measuring and evaluating the effects......Page 174
9.3 A selective review of results......Page 178
9.4 The importance of other family processes and decisions during childhood......Page 200
9.5 Conclusions......Page 207
10.1 How do women’s and men’s work affect income distribution?......Page 209
10.2 Dual-earner and single-earner households......Page 212
10.3 Inequality in women’s and men’s earnings distribution......Page 215
10.4 Intra-household income distribution......Page 217
10.5 Conclusions......Page 219
11.1 Motivations for studying labor supply and taxation......Page 220
11.2 Some evidence in Europe and the US......Page 222
11.3 Fiscal and social policies: modeling the behavioral responses......Page 224
11.4 Measuring social welfare: efficiency and equality......Page 227
11.5 Thinking about tax system reforms: an exercise for Italy......Page 228
Appendix 11.A: Modeling household labor supply......Page 244
Appendix 11.B: Social welfare functions......Page 247
12 What Policy Should Do......Page 252
Comments......Page 255
References......Page 264
Final Remarks......Page 280
E......Page 290
G......Page 291
P......Page 292
Y......Page 293