Willard and Spackman's Occupational Therapy, 11th Edition

Willard and Spackman\'s Occupational Therapy, Eleventh Edition......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 3
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Contributors......Page 15
Acknowledgments......Page 21
Editorial Review Board......Page 23
Brief Contents......Page 25
Contents (with page links)......Page 27
Commentary on the Evidence......Page 31
Case Studies......Page 32
Provocative Questions......Page 33
UNIT I: OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE AND THE OCCUPATIONAL NATURE OF HUMANS......Page 35
Outline......Page 36
METHODOLOGICAL  APPROACHES......Page 37
THE GROWTH OF OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE......Page 38
LINKAGES BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 40
AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS: THE USC WELL ELDERLY STUDY......Page 42
REFRAMING OCCUPATIONAL SCIENCE AND BIOMEDICAL CONDITIONS THROUGH THE USC/RANCHO LOS AMIGOS NATIONAL REHABILITATION CENTER PRESSURE ULCER PREVENTION STUDY......Page 43
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 46
REFERENCES......Page 47
KNOWING AND LEARNING ABOUT OCCUPATION......Page 49
THE NEED TO UNDERSTAND OCCUPATION......Page 50
DEFINING OCCUPATION......Page 51
CONTEXT AND OCCUPATION......Page 52
ORGANIZING OCCUPATION......Page 53
REFERENCES......Page 54
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS......Page 56
WHAT IS DEVELOPING AND WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?......Page 57
TWO PERSPECTIVES IMPORTED FROM DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY......Page 59
A THIRD PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS......Page 60
CONCLUSION......Page 64
REFERENCES......Page 65
Outline......Page 67
WHY ARE FAMILIES IMPORTANT IN HEALTH CARE?......Page 68
TROUBLESOME ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT DISABILITY, ILLNESS EXPERIENCES, AND FAMILIES......Page 71
FAMILY EXPERIENCES AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE......Page 73
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 77
Outline......Page 79
OCCUPATION AND HEALTH......Page 80
OCCUPATION AND WELL-BEING......Page 82
TIME USE AND WELL-BEING......Page 83
OCCUPATION, IMPAIRMENT, AND WELL-BEING......Page 84
STRUCTURING OCCUPATION TO ENHANCE WELL-BEING......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 87
Outline......Page 89
CULTURE AND OTHER FORMS OF HUMAN DIVERSITY IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 90
WHAT CULTURE IS: AN AGREED-ON LIST......Page 91
HUMAN DIFFERENCES THAT MAY INFLUENCE CULTURE BUT ARE NOT PRECISELY CULTURAL......Page 92
MYTHS, STEREOTYPES, XENOPHOBIA, AND GENERALIZATIONS......Page 95
CULTURE AND OTHER FORMS OF DIVERSITY IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE......Page 96
ACHIEVING MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCE AS AN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTITIONER......Page 98
ON THE WEB......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 100
INTRODUCTION......Page 102
DEFINING THE SOCIAL CAUSES OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS......Page 103
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM......Page 106
MECHANISMS OF DISADVANTAGE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE......Page 107
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY SERVICES: ARE WE EQUITABLE? ARE WE RESPONSIVE?......Page 109
CONCLUSION......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 111
THE PERSON-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 114
DIMENSIONS OF BEING IN PLACE......Page 116
MAKING SPACES INTO PLACES OVER THE LIFE COURSE......Page 119
THE PLACE OF PLACE IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 120
REFERENCES......Page 121
INTRODUCTION......Page 124
FRAMING SPIRITUALITY FROM AN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PERSPECTIVE......Page 125
EXPERIENCING SPIRITUALITY THROUGH OCCUPATION......Page 126
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 128
REFERENCES......Page 129
UNIT II: NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON OCCUPATION AND DISABILITY......Page 131
Outline......Page 132
NARRATIVE AND STORY......Page 133
NARRATIVE AS AN INTERPRETIVE PROCESS......Page 134
THE ROLE OF NARRATIVE IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE......Page 135
REFERENCES......Page 137
UNIT EDITOR’S PROLOGUE......Page 139
1979 TO 1981......Page 140
MAY 1996: SEVENTEEN YEARS AFTER THE ACCIDENT......Page 143
JULY 2001: TWENTY-TWO YEARS AFTER THE ACCIDENT......Page 144
JULY 2007: TWENTY-EIGHT YEARS AFTER THE ACCIDENT......Page 145
HOW AM I NOW?......Page 147
POSTSCRIPT: THOUGHTS FOR OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTITIONERS......Page 148
REFERENCE......Page 149
LAURIE......Page 150
LOU......Page 153
ALEX......Page 156
REFERENCES......Page 159
CHAPTER 13: While Focusing on Recovery I Forgot to Get a Life......Page 160
CHAPTER 14: The Privilege of Giving Care......Page 167
AFTERWORD......Page 171
Outline......Page 173
IRIS GARRITY......Page 174
DISCUSSION......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 178
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING......Page 179
Outline......Page 180
BULELWA: I SEE MYSELF AS A LIGHT FOR OTHER DISABLED PEOPLE......Page 181
NONTSIDISO: A PILLAR OF STRENGTH......Page 182
SELF-DEVELOPMENT, CREATIVITY, AND ADVOCACY......Page 183
REFERENCES......Page 185
UNIT III: OCCUPATION AND HEALTH IN SOCIETY......Page 187
PUBLIC POLICY......Page 188
PUBLIC HEALTH: THE FEDERAL ROLE......Page 189
INVOLVEMENT OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR......Page 191
REFERENCES......Page 197
DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH......Page 199
APPROACHES TO HEALTH......Page 200
THINKING UPSTREAM: A POWERFUL METAPHOR......Page 201
HEALTH PROMOTION......Page 202
CONCEPTS RELATED TO HEALTH PROMOTION......Page 204
HEALTH PROMOTION AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 206
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 211
REFERENCES......Page 212
INTRODUCTION......Page 215
PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY: DEFINITIONS......Page 216
EVALUATION AND INTERVENTION TO ENABLE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION......Page 220
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 223
REFERENCES......Page 224
Outline......Page 226
HOW TO DESCRIBE OCCUPATIONAL JUSTICE......Page 227
RECOGNIZING THE PLACE OF OCCUPATIONAL JUSTICE WITHIN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 229
MAKING OCCUPATIONAL JUSTICE EXPLICIT IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE......Page 230
REFERENCES......Page 232
UNIT IV: PROFILE OF THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PROFESSION......Page 235
INTRODUCTION......Page 236
THE BIRTH OF THE ASYLUM AND MORAL TREATMENT......Page 237
THE BIRTH OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 238
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: A NEW TREATMENT APPROACH......Page 239
THE FORMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY’S PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION AND BIRTH OF THE PROFESSION......Page 240
KEY EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION......Page 241
WORLD WAR II AND THE GROWTH OF REHABILITATION......Page 243
CHANGES IN THE 1960S THROUGH THE 1980S......Page 244
ONGOING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROFESSION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO HISTORY......Page 246
REFERENCES......Page 247
Outline......Page 250
DEFINITION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 251
OCCUPATION-CENTERED PRACTICE......Page 252
VISION FOR THE FUTURE......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW......Page 256
GLOBAL GROWTH IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 257
COUNTRY PROFILES......Page 258
FUTURE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY WORLDWIDE......Page 261
REFERENCES......Page 262
Outline......Page 264
AMERICAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION......Page 265
OTHER IMPORTANT ORGANIZATIONS......Page 271
CONCLUSION......Page 272
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES......Page 273
Outline......Page 274
LEARNING AND IMPROVED PRACTICE PERFORMANCE......Page 275
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE COMPETENT?......Page 277
FACTORS AFFECTING CONTINUING COMPETENCY AND COMPETENCE......Page 278
WHO DETERMINES WHETHER SOMEONE IS COMPETENT?......Page 280
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING WHETHER SOMEONE IS COMPETENT?......Page 281
HOW DO YOU KNOW HOW TO SELECT THE MOST EFFECTIVE LEARNING ACTIVITIES?......Page 282
WHAT DOES ADVANCED AND SPECIALTY CERTIFICATION MEAN?......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 284
Outline......Page 286
PURPOSE AND LEVELS OF FIELDWORK: UNITED STATES......Page 287
FIELDWORK: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES......Page 288
TRANSITION FROM STUDENT TO PROFESSIONAL......Page 289
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STUDENTS AND EDUCATORS......Page 291
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 293
REFERENCES......Page 294
Outline......Page 296
RAPID CHANGE......Page 297
THREATS TO PRACTICE......Page 298
OCCUPATIONAL JUSTICE......Page 301
SUMMARY......Page 302
REFERENCES......Page 303
UNIT V: OT VALUES AND BELIEFS IN ACTION......Page 307
WHY ETHICS?......Page 308
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE......Page 309
DISTINGUISHING AMONG CLINICAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS IN PRACTICE......Page 310
ETHICAL THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES THAT APPLY TO CLINICAL PRACTICE......Page 311
ETHICAL RESOURCES AND JURISDICTION......Page 312
THE ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS......Page 313
DIFFICULT CONVERSATIONS......Page 316
REFERENCES......Page 317
COLLABORATION IN HEALTH CARE......Page 320
THE CHALLENGES OF CLIENT-CENTERED COLLABORATION......Page 321
REFERENCES......Page 323
INTRODUCTION......Page 325
CLINICAL REASONING ABOUT HUMAN BEINGS IN RELATION TO RESEARCH EVIDENCE......Page 326
ORGANIZING EVIDENCE AROUND CENTRAL CLINICAL TASKS......Page 327
THE STEPS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE......Page 328
ETHICS, PRACTICE VALUES, AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE......Page 334
REFERENCES......Page 335
Outline......Page 337
DISABILITY: A RISK FACTOR FOR ABUSE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE......Page 338
CAUSES OF ABUSE AND NEGLECT......Page 339
PREVENTING MISTREATMENT......Page 340
IDENTIFYING AND RESPONDING TO MISTREATMENT......Page 341
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION FOR ABUSED CHILDREN AND THEIR CAREGIVERS......Page 342
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION FOR ADULT CLIENTS......Page 343
REFERENCES......Page 345
OTHER RESOURCES......Page 346
UNIT VI: THE THERAPEUTIC PROCESS......Page 347
INTRODUCTION......Page 348
REASONING IN PRACTICE: A WHOLE-BODY PROCESS......Page 350
COGNITIVE PROCESSES UNDERLYING PROFESSIONAL REASONING......Page 351
ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL REASONING......Page 352
PROFESSIONAL REASONING: A PROCESS OF SYNTHESIS......Page 355
ECOLOGICAL VIEW OF PROFESSIONAL REASONING......Page 357
DEVELOPING AND IMPROVING PROFESSIONAL REASONING......Page 358
CONCLUSION......Page 359
REFERENCES......Page 360
WHY IS THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP IMPORTANT IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY?......Page 362
HOW DO THERAPISTS AND CLIENTS DEVELOP A THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP?......Page 363
THERAPEUTIC PROCESS IS INTERTWINED WITH AND PROPELLED BY THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP......Page 367
CONCLUSION......Page 371
REFERENCES......Page 374
WHAT IS INTERVIEWING?......Page 376
WHEN AND WHOM TO INTERVIEW......Page 377
WHY INTERVIEW......Page 379
HOW TO INTERVIEW......Page 381
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVIEWS......Page 384
ADJUNCTS TO INTERVIEWS: PAPER-AND-PENCIL SELF-REPORT MEASURES......Page 386
REFERENCES......Page 389
Outline......Page 393
PERFORMANCE CONTEXTS AND ENVIRONMENTS......Page 394
OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS AND MEANING......Page 396
ACTIVITY AND OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS IN PRACTICE......Page 397
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS......Page 399
OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS......Page 400
OCCUPATION AS THERAPY......Page 401
REFERENCES......Page 406
INTRODUCTION......Page 409
WHY SHOULD OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS STUDY THEORIES OF LEARNING?......Page 410
BEHAVIORIST THEORY......Page 411
SOCIAL LEARNING AND SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY......Page 412
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY......Page 414
SELF-EFFICACY THEORY......Page 415
MOTIVATIONAL THEORY......Page 416
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SELF–EFFICACY THEORY, AND MOTIVATIONAL THEORY......Page 417
CONCLUSION......Page 418
REFERENCES......Page 419
DEFINING GROUP PROCESS......Page 421
MICRO AND MACRO LEVELS OF PROCESS......Page 424
LEADER RESPONSES......Page 425
REFERENCES......Page 428
UNIT VII: COMMUNICATION IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY......Page 429
TEAMS AND TEAMWORK......Page 430
TEAM INTERACTION MODELS......Page 432
CREATING SHARED MEANING AND A COMMON LANGUAGE......Page 435
REFERENCES......Page 436
AUDIENCE......Page 437
LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 438
DOCUMENTATION IN CLINICAL SETTINGS......Page 439
DOCUMENTATION IN SCHOOL SETTINGS......Page 441
ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTATION......Page 442
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION......Page 443
REFERENCES......Page 444
PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS......Page 445
PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS......Page 449
REFERENCES......Page 451
COMMUNICATING VERBALLY......Page 452
COMMUNICATING IN WRITING......Page 454
CONCLUSION......Page 458
REFERENCES......Page 459
UNIT VIII: CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR PRACTICE......Page 461
Outline......Page 462
WHAT IS THEORY?......Page 463
EVALUATING KNOWLEDGE AND REFLECTIVE INQUIRY......Page 466
REFERENCES......Page 467
Outline......Page 469
DEFINITIONS......Page 470
APPLICATION TO PRACTICE......Page 474
EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE ECOLOGICAL MODELS......Page 477
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 478
REFERENCES......Page 479
Outline......Page 480
INTRODUCTION......Page 481
THE MODEL OF HUMAN OCCUPATION CONCEPTS......Page 482
USING MOHO IN PRACTICE: THE SIX STEPS OF THERAPEUTIC REASONING......Page 484
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 494
REFERENCES......Page 495
INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE......Page 496
GUIDING ASSUMPTIONS OF OA THEORY......Page 497
INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF OCCUPATIONAL ADAPTATION......Page 498
INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICE BASED ON THE THEORY OF OCCUPATIONAL ADAPTATION......Page 502
INTERRUPTION IN THE OA PROCESS......Page 503
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS......Page 507
CONCLUSION......Page 508
REFERENCES......Page 509
UNIT IX: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE......Page 511
Outline......Page 512
OVERVIEW OF THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PROCESS......Page 513
OCCUPATION PERFORMANCE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 515
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PROCESS: THEORY......Page 520
OT PROCESS: EVALUATION......Page 522
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PROCESS: PROBLEM DEFINITION......Page 531
OT PROCESS: INTERVENTION PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION......Page 532
OT PROCESS: RE-EVALUATION......Page 541
REFERENCES......Page 547
Outline......Page 553
CRITIQUING ASSESSMENTS......Page 554
RELIABILITY......Page 558
VALIDITY......Page 561
FAIR TESTING PRACTICES......Page 564
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON PUBLISHED TESTS......Page 567
REFERENCES......Page 568
UNIT X: OT EVALUATION AND INTERVENTION: OCCUPATIONS......Page 571
Outline......Page 572
EVALUATION OF ADLS AND IADLS......Page 573
ESTABLISHING CLIENTS’ GOALS: THE BRIDGE BETWEEN EVALUATION AND INTERVENTION......Page 591
INTERVENTIONS FOR ADL AND IADL DEFICITS......Page 600
CONCLUSION......Page 608
REFERENCES......Page 609
Outline......Page 613
CHILDREARING AND CAREGIVING OCCUPATIONS......Page 614
EVALUATING CAREGIVING......Page 615
BEING A CAREGIVER WITH A DISABILITY......Page 619
INTERVENTIONS FOR CAREGIVERS......Page 621
REFERENCES......Page 623
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS......Page 626
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PROCESS IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS......Page 630
THE EVALUATION PROCESS......Page 631
THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PROCESS......Page 634
INTERVENTION......Page 639
SERVICE DELIVERY......Page 643
REFERENCES......Page 647
ROLE OF WORK......Page 649
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY THEORY AND FRAME OF REFERENCE......Page 650
POPULATIONS......Page 651
SERVICES......Page 652
SETTINGS......Page 658
FUNDING AND LEGAL ISSUES......Page 662
REFERENCES......Page 664
WHAT ARE PLAY AND LEISURE?......Page 667
EVALUATION OF PLAY AND LEISURE......Page 669
PLAY AND LEISURE INTERVENTION......Page 673
REFERENCES......Page 679
UNIT XI: OT EVALUATION AND INTERVENTION: PERSONAL FACTORS......Page 683
INTRODUCTION......Page 684
THE WHOLE IS GREATER THAN THE SUM OF THE PARTS......Page 685
REASONING ABOUT PERSONAL FACTORS: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AS A BRIDGE......Page 686
PERSONAL FACTORS THAT ARE COMMONLY CONSIDERED......Page 687
REFERENCES......Page 691
THEORIES......Page 692
ASSESSMENT......Page 693
INTERVENTION......Page 697
CONCLUSION......Page 712
REFERENCES......Page 713
Outline......Page 715
THE EMERGENCE OF MOTOR SKILLS......Page 716
THE INTERACTION OF MOTOR TASKS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE PERSON......Page 718
DEFINING AND ASSESSING MOTOR SKILLS AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS......Page 722
INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY THEORETICAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE GUIDING NEUROMOTOR INTERVENTIONS......Page 731
DISTRIBUTED AND SYSTEM MODELS OF MOTOR CONTROL......Page 733
MOTOR CONTROL APPROACHES PROPOSED FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERACTION......Page 736
REFERENCES......Page 745
INTRODUCTION......Page 749
REGULATION OF BODY SYSTEMS AND BEHAVIOR......Page 750
POSSIBLE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT ADDRESS THE CONCERNS OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS......Page 755
RESEARCH RELEVANT PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FACTORS: BIOMARKERS......Page 764
SUMMARY......Page 770
REFERENCES......Page 771
Outline......Page 773
THE PROCESS OF COGNITIVE REHABILITATION......Page 774
OVERVIEW OF INTERVENTION APPROACHES......Page 778
SELECTING INTERVENTION APPROACHES......Page 782
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS: DEFINITIONS, EVALUATIONS, AND INTERVENTIONS......Page 783
GROUP INTERVENTIONS......Page 800
REFERENCES......Page 802
BASIC PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SENSORY SYSTEMS......Page 811
BASIC FEATURES OF SENSORY SYSTEMS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 812
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SPECIFIC SENSORY SYSTEMS......Page 813
SENSORY INPUT MECHANISMS......Page 814
A MODEL FOR SENSORY PROCESSING......Page 820
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 823
REFERENCES......Page 824
INTRODUCTION......Page 826
SENSORY INTEGRATION THEORY......Page 827
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY USING SENSORY INTEGRATION PRINCIPLES......Page 830
IDENTIFYING SENSORY INTEGRATION DYSFUNCTION......Page 831
ASSESSMENT......Page 833
INTERVENTION......Page 836
GOALS OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY USING SENSORY INTEGRATION STRATEGIES......Page 839
REPORT PREPARATION......Page 846
REFERENCES......Page 848
UNIT XII: OT EVALUATION AND INTERVENTION: ENVIRONMENTS......Page 853
INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE......Page 854
UNIVERSAL DESIGN......Page 855
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 857
INTERVENTIONS......Page 863
PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS......Page 879
REFERENCES......Page 880
RESOURCES......Page 883
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY: TECHNOLOGY TO ENABLE ACTIVITY AND PARTICIPATION......Page 884
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS......Page 888
CUSTOMIZING AND INTEGRATING AT SOLUTIONS......Page 899
CONCLUSION......Page 900
REFERENCES......Page 901
INTRODUCTION......Page 902
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING MODELS OF DISABILITY......Page 903
THE DISABILITY RIGHTS HISTORY AND MOVEMENT: FROM RIGHTS TO EMPOWERED CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 906
LEGISLATIVE AND SOCIAL POLICY INITIATIVES EXPERIENCED BY DISABLED PEOPLE......Page 908
HOW MODELS OF DISABILITY, HISTORY, AND POLICY INFLUENCE INTERVENTION......Page 914
INCORPORATING DISABILITY EXPERIENCE INTO PRACTICE, RESEARCH, AND ADVOCACY: EXAMPLES FROM PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH......Page 916
SUMMARY......Page 918
RESOURCES......Page 919
REFERENCES......Page 920
UNIT XIII: THERAPISTS IN ACTION: EXAMPLES OF EXPERT PRACTICE......Page 923
INTRODUCTION......Page 924
OCCUPATIONAL PROFILE......Page 925
EVALUATION PROCESS......Page 926
THE INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION PROGRAM TEAM PROCESS......Page 927
IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION......Page 928
REFERENCES......Page 929
Outline......Page 930
HOMELESSNESS IS MORE THAN LOSS OF A HOME......Page 931
REFERENCES......Page 934
CHAPTER 65: A Woodworker’s Hand Injury: Restoring a Life......Page 935
REFERENCES......Page 939
CHAPTER 66: “Mrs. W.”: A Woman with Dementia......Page 941
REFERENCES......Page 945
UNIT XIV: MANAGING PRACTICE......Page 947
MANAGERS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND SUPERVISORS......Page 948
THE FOUR TRADITIONAL MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS......Page 950
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT......Page 956
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT......Page 958
MARKETING......Page 959
WHO SHOULD BE A MANAGER?......Page 960
REFERENCES......Page 961
SUPERVISION EMBEDDED IN PRACTICE......Page 963
FORMAL SUPERVISION......Page 964
INFORMAL SUPERVISION: PEER SUPERVISION......Page 966
THE SUPERVISORY PROCESS......Page 967
DEVELOPING A SUPERVISORY RELATIONSHIP......Page 968
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: A SUPERVISORY RESPONSIBILITY......Page 970
SUPERVISION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PERSONNEL......Page 973
TYPES OF SUPERVISION: OVERSEEING VARIOUS ASPECTS OF WORK......Page 974
METHODS OF SUPERVISION......Page 975
FREQUENCY OF SUPERVISION......Page 976
THE OT/OTA SUPERVISORY RELATIONSHIP......Page 977
SUPERVISING OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AIDES......Page 980
CONCLUSION......Page 981
REFERENCES......Page 982
INTRODUCTION: OVERVIEW OF PAYMENT......Page 983
HISTORY OF HEALTH INSURANCE......Page 984
TYPES OF PAYMENT......Page 985
MEDICARE......Page 986
MEDICAID......Page 990
STATE CHILDREN’S HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM......Page 991
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT......Page 992
MANAGED CARE......Page 993
THE UNINSURED......Page 994
ADVOCACY FOR PAYMENT......Page 995
REFERENCES......Page 996
RESOURCES......Page 997
BEGINNING A CONSULTATION PRACTICE......Page 998
DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF CONSULTATION TO INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND AGENCIES......Page 1000
MANAGING AND MARKETING THE BUSINESS OF CONSULTATION......Page 1001
EMERGING AND EVOLVING PRACTICE AREAS......Page 1004
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 1005
REFERENCES......Page 1006
UNIT XV: COMMON CONDITIONS: RELATED RESOURCES AND EVIDENCE......Page 1007
CONCERNS OF FAMILY AND FRIENDS......Page 1008
OT AND THE EVIDENCE......Page 1009
REFERENCES......Page 1010
SYMPTOMS......Page 1011
OT INTERVENTIONS......Page 1012
RESOURCES......Page 1013
REFERENCES......Page 1014
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT......Page 1015
CAREGIVER CONCERNS......Page 1016
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES......Page 1017
INTERVENTION......Page 1018
OT INTERVENTIONS......Page 1019
RESOURCES......Page 1020
REFERENCES......Page 1021
TYPICAL COURSE AND SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS......Page 1022
OT INTERVENTIONS......Page 1023
RESOURCES......Page 1024
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE......Page 1025
SEQUENCE OF CARE......Page 1026
RESOURCES......Page 1027
DIAGNOSIS......Page 1028
MEDICAL INTERVENTION......Page 1029
OT AND THE EVIDENCE......Page 1030
REFERENCES......Page 1031
ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT APPROACHES......Page 1032
OT AND THE EVIDENCE......Page 1033
REFERENCES......Page 1034
POTENTIAL SYMPTOMS......Page 1035
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY EVALUATIONS......Page 1036
CAREGIVER CONCERNS......Page 1037
REFERENCES......Page 1038
TYPICAL INTERVENTIONS AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES......Page 1039
OT EVALUATIONS AND INTERVENTIONS AND SEQUENCE OF CARE......Page 1040
CAREGIVER CONCERNS......Page 1041
REFERENCES......Page 1042
REFERENCES......Page 1043
MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS AND TREATMENTS......Page 1044
DIAGNOSIS......Page 1045
OT EVALUATIONS......Page 1046
RESOURCES......Page 1047
REFERENCES......Page 1048
POTENTIAL RISKS......Page 1049
RESOURCES......Page 1050
PRECAUTIONS AND RELATED CONDITIONS......Page 1051
OT EVALUATION......Page 1052
OT INTERVENTION......Page 1053
REFERENCES......Page 1054
FRAGILE X SYNDROME......Page 1055
AFFILIATED CONDITIONS......Page 1056
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION......Page 1057
RESOURCES......Page 1058
SEQUENCE OF CARE......Page 1059
POSTSURGICAL MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS......Page 1060
CAREGIVER ISSUES......Page 1061
REFERENCES......Page 1062
AFFILIATED PROBLEMS......Page 1063
OT AND THE EVIDENCE......Page 1064
SIGNS......Page 1065
REFERENCES......Page 1066
SYMPTOMS......Page 1067
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY EVALUATIONS......Page 1068
CAREGIVER CONCERNS......Page 1069
REFERENCES......Page 1070
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS......Page 1071
PREVALENCE......Page 1072
OT EVALUATIONS......Page 1073
OT AND THE EVIDENCE......Page 1074
REFERENCES......Page 1075
SEQUENCE OF CARE......Page 1076
TYPICAL OT EVALUATION......Page 1077
RESOURCES......Page 1078
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE......Page 1079
OT EVALUATION......Page 1080
OT AND THE EVIDENCE......Page 1081
REFERENCES......Page 1082
OT EVALUATIONS......Page 1083
OT INTERVENTION......Page 1084
REFERENCES......Page 1085
SIGNS......Page 1086
OT EVALUATION......Page 1087
RESOURCES......Page 1088
TYPICAL COURSE AND SYMPTOMS......Page 1089
OT EVALUATIONS......Page 1090
RESOURCES......Page 1091
PREVALENCE......Page 1092
NON-OT TREATMENTS......Page 1093
RESOURCES......Page 1094
SPINA BIFIDA AND NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS......Page 1095
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY EVALUATION......Page 1096
FAMILY AND CAREGIVER CONCERNS......Page 1097
REFERENCES......Page 1098
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE......Page 1099
PROGNOSIS......Page 1100
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND THE EVIDENCE......Page 1101
REFERENCES......Page 1102
RANCHO LOS AMIGOS LEVELS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING SCALE......Page 1103
CAREGIVER CONCERNS......Page 1104
REFERENCES......Page 1105
REFERENCES FOR ASSESSMENTS......Page 1106
UNIT XVI: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY RESOURCE SUMMARIES: PRACTICE SETTINGS......Page 1107
ACUTE MEDICAL/SURGICAL CARE......Page 1108
INPATIENT REHABILITATION......Page 1109
SKILLED NURSING/TRANSITIONAL CARE......Page 1110
INPATIENT PSYCHIATRY......Page 1111
PARTIAL HOSPITALIZATION......Page 1112
LONG-TERM CARE (PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH)......Page 1113
EARLY INTERVENTION......Page 1114
PRESCHOOL......Page 1115
SCHOOLS......Page 1116
PRIVATE PRACTICE......Page 1117
ADULT DAY SERVICES (SOCIAL, MEDICAL, DEMENTIA)......Page 1118
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS......Page 1119
SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT......Page 1120
WORK-RELATED PROGRAMS......Page 1121
UNIT XVII: TABLE OF ASSESSMENTS: LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY TITLE......Page 1123
Glossary......Page 1187
Index......Page 1205