Why Be Moral?: Learning from the Neo-Confucian Cheng Brothers

Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
	1. Introduction
	2. Possibility of Comparative Philosophy
	3. How to Do Comparative Philosophy
	4. The Neo-Confucian Cheng Brothers
	5. Looking Ahead
	6. Conclusion
Chapter 1: Joy (le 樂): “Why Be Moral?”
	1. Introduction
	2. The Question of “Why Be Moral?”
	3. Representative Answers in Western Philosophy and Their Inadequacies
	4. The Chengs’ Neo-Confucian Answer: Joy in Being Moral
	5. Joy and Knowledge
	6. To Be Moral and to Be Human
	7. Conclusion
Chapter 2: Virtue (de 德): Is a Virtuous Person Self-Centered?
	1. Introduction
	2. Virtue Ethics and Confucian Ethics
	3. The Self-Centeredness Objection: The First Level
	4. Virtue and Human Nature
	5. The Self-Centeredness Objection: The Second Level
	6. The Self-Centeredness Objection: The Foundational Level
	7. Conclusion
Chapter 3: Knowledge (zhi 知): How Is Weakness of the Will (akrasia) Not Possible?
	1. Introduction
	2. The Problem of Weakness of the Will in Western Philosophy
	3. Knowledge and Action: Why Is Weakness of the Will Not  Possible?
	4. Knowledge of/as Virtue versus Knowledge from Hearingand Seeing: How Is Weakness of the Will Not Possible?
	5. Cheng Brothers versus Socrates and Aristotle
	6. Absence of Weakness of the Will and the Presence of Moral Responsibility
	7. Conclusion
Chapter 4 Love (ai 愛): Ethics between Theory and Antitheory
	1. Introduction
	2. The Ethics of Commonality and Its Problem
	3. Love with Distinction
	4. Extension of Love
	5. Training of Emotions
	6. Conclusion
Chapter 5: Propriety (li 禮): Why the Political Is Also Personal
	1. Introduction
	2. The Political/Personal Division in the Liberal Traditionand Its Problems
	3. The Possibility of a Confucian Political Philosophy
	4. Propriety as External Rules
	5. Propriety as Inner Feelings
	6. Propriety as Human Nature
	7. Defending the Neo-Confucian Conception of Propriety as a Political Philosophy
	8. Conclusion
Chapter 6: Creativity (li 理): The Metaphysic of Morals or Moral Metaphysics?
	1. Introduction
	2. Metaphysic of Morals, Moral Theology, and Moral Metaphysics
	3. Li: Ontological Articulation of Confucian Morality
	4. Sheng 生 (Life-Giving Activity): Dereification of the Ultimate Reality
	5. Shen 神 (Divinity or God): Toward a Confucian Theology
	6. Conclusion
Chapter 7: Classics (Jing 經): Hermeneutics as a Practical Learning
	1. Introduction
	2. Classics as Carriers of Dao (Jing Yi Zai Dao 經以載道)
	3. To Grasp Dao through Classics (You Jing Qiong Li 由經窮理)
	4. Multiple Ways to Dao (Qiong Li Duo Duan 窮理多端
		1. Study History (Kao Gujin 考古今)
		2. Handle Human Affairs (Kui Renshi 揆人事)
		3. Reflect upon Oneself (Qu Zhushen 取諸身)
		4. Investigate External Things and Events (Cha Wuqing 察物情)
	5. Hermeneutics as a Practical Learning (Jingxue Shixue Ye 經學實學也)
	6. Hermeneutic Circles (Jiao Xiang Yang Ye 交相養也)
	7. Conclusion
Appendix Neo-Confucian Hermeneutics at Work: Cheng Yi’s Philosophical Interpretation of Analects 8.9 and 17.3
	1. Introduction
	2. Conventional Interpretations of Analects 8.9
	3. Cheng Yi’s Interpretation of Analects 8.9
	4. Conventional Interpretation of Analects 17.3
	5. Cheng Yi’s Interpretation of Analects 17.3
	6. The Role of Sages: Education
	7. Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index