Whiteness and Stigma in the Workplace: Organisation and Work in South Africa

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Tables
1 Setting the Scene
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Professional Closure
	1.3 The History of South Africa
		1.3.1 Colonialism
		1.3.2 Apartheid
	1.4 The Aim of the Monograph
	1.5 Layout of the Monograph
	References
2 Review of the Literature
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Racial Stigma
	2.3 Whiteness
		2.3.1 A Framework for the Study of Whiteness
			2.3.1.1 Whiteness Located in History
			2.3.1.2 Whiteness as Spatial
			2.3.1.3 Whiteness as Multi-level
	2.4 Conceptualising Collective Professional Identity in the Context of Whiteness and Stigma
		2.4.1 Whiteness as Embodied Habitus
		2.4.2 Whiteness as Blind Dominance of the Field
		2.4.3 Whiteness as White Capital
	2.5 Conceptualising Individual Professional Identity Work in the Context of Whiteness and Stigma
	2.6 Conclusion
	References
3 The Research Process
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Description of the Professional Contexts
	3.3 Perspectives Informing the Project
	3.4 Research Design
		3.4.1 Overview of the Sample
		3.4.2 Data Gathering
		3.4.3 Data Analysis
		3.4.4 Quality of the Data
	3.5 Locating Myself in Relation to the Research Topic
	3.6 Locating Each Participant
		3.6.1 Nelson
		3.6.2 Lucy
		3.6.3 Lillian
		3.6.4 Sophia
		3.6.5 Oliver
		3.6.6 Dora
		3.6.7 Moses
		3.6.8 Bertha
		3.6.9 Albertina
		3.6.10 Caroline
		3.6.11 Desmond
		3.6.12 Xola
		3.6.13 Philip
		3.6.14 Florence
		3.6.15 Robert
		3.6.16 Dorothy
		3.6.17 Charlotte
		3.6.18 Griffiths
		3.6.19 Amina
		3.6.20 Steve
		3.6.21 Peter
		3.6.22 Frances
		3.6.23 Annie
		3.6.24 Solomon
		3.6.25 Joe
		3.6.26 Lizzy
	3.7 Conclusion
	References
4 Macro-Context: Professional Identity and the Public Space
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Education
		4.2.1 Schooling
			4.2.1.1 Setting the Context
			4.2.1.2 Becoming Black at School
			4.2.1.3 The Power of Accent
			4.2.1.4 Being Beyond Reproach
			4.2.1.5 Learning to “Work” White Spaces—Or Not?
			4.2.1.6 It’s All About Your Start in Life
		4.2.2 University
			4.2.2.1 Setting the Context
			4.2.2.2 Becoming Aware of Difference
			4.2.2.3 Becoming Aware of Disadvantage
			4.2.2.4 I Never Took It Like Okay, Now I’m Good Enough
			4.2.2.5 The Impact of Professional-Related Support
	4.3 Employment Equity and Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment
		4.3.1 I Was Not Part of Apartheid
		4.3.2 The Employment Equity Candidate
	4.4 Conclusion
	References
5 Meso-Context: Professional Identity and the Professional Space
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Functioning as a Professional
		5.2.1 The Little Crumbs: Whiteness and the Allocation of Work and Clients
		5.2.2 Perceptions of Competence
		5.2.3 Mentoring
	5.3 Hierarchy: Moving Up the Ladder
	5.4 Inclusion: Being Included as a Professional
		5.4.1 Professional Bodies
		5.4.2 Language
		5.4.3 Conforming (or Not) to Professional Culture?
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6 Micro-Context: Professional Identity and the Personal Space
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 “They” Don’t Value Education
	6.3 Don’t Forget I Come with a Context
	6.4 Traversing Spaces
	6.5 Traversing Cosmologies
	6.6 Black Tax: Financial Transfers and Family Responsibilities
	6.7 Conclusion
	References
7 Whiteness, Stigma and Professional Identity
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Whiteness Reproduced Through Professional Identity Construction
		7.2.1 Professional Identity and Embodied Practices
			7.2.1.1 Professional Identity and Linguistic Practices
		7.2.2 Professional Identity and Material and Historical Relations
		7.2.3 Professional Identity and Discursive Formations
		7.2.4 Group and Social Relations
	7.3 Resisting Whiteness and Stigma: Identity Work
		7.3.1 Mastery of Whiteness
		7.3.2 Reframing Whiteness
		7.3.3 Challenging Whiteness
		7.3.4 How Agentic is Identity Work Actually?
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8 Implications for Professional Organisations
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Individual Professional Identity Work in Contexts of Whiteness and Stigma
	8.3 Implications for Organisations
		8.3.1 Understand Organisational Experience
		8.3.2 Reveal the Problem with Cultural and Political Systems
		8.3.3 Provide Solutions
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
Index