Wearable and Implantable Medical Devices: Applications and Challenges (Advances in ubiquitous sensing applications for healthcare)

Wearable and Implantable Medical Devices
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
1 Internet of Things–triggered and power-efficient smart pedometer algorithm for intelligent wearable devices
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Intelligent wearable device description
	1.3 Intelligent wearable device pedometer algorithm and evaluation
	1.4 Application development
		1.4.1 ThingSpeak server
		1.4.2 Virtuino app
	1.5 Software development
	1.6 Results
	1.7 Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
2 Biosensors and Internet of Things in smart healthcare applications: challenges and opportunities
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Health challenges for the elderly, older workers, and infants
	2.3 Challenges and opportunities for technology-enabled care
		2.3.1 Low-cost technology
		2.3.2 Modular, interoperable, expandable solutions
		2.3.3 Big data and machine learning
		2.3.4 Security and privacy
	2.4 Internet of Things and Internet of Medical Things building blocks for health and well-being applications
		2.4.1 Smart environment enablers
			2.4.1.1 Wearable and assistive medical devices
			2.4.1.2 Mobile devices
			2.4.1.3 Environmental monitoring and Internet of Things platforms
			2.4.1.4 Camera-based monitoring of humans
		2.4.2 Back end enablers for personalized recommendations
			2.4.2.1 Knowledge abstraction for user profiling and temporal reasoning
			2.4.2.2 Context-aware recommendations
		2.4.3 Security and privacy enablers
	2.5 Smart healthcare applications—state-of-the-art research efforts
		2.5.1 SMART BEAR—smart living solution platform for the elderly
			2.5.1.1 Targeted pilot environments
			2.5.1.2 The SMART BEAR consortium
		2.5.2 sustAGE—smart environments for person-centered sustainable work and well-being
			2.5.2.1 The industry domains
				2.5.2.1.1 The case of assembly line workers in the automotive industry
				2.5.2.1.2 The case of port workers in the transportation and logistics industry
			2.5.2.2 Internet of Things ecosystem and system functionalities
			2.5.2.3 The sustAGE consortium
		2.5.3 xVLEPSIS—an intelligent noninvasive biosignal recording system for infants
			2.5.3.1 Integration of smart biosignal sensors in a detection system for hazardous conditions
	2.6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
	Further reading
3 Wearable electroencephalography technologies for brain–computer interfacing
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Current state of brain–computer interface-based communicators
	3.3 Current developments in sensor technology
	3.4 Current developments in wearable and wireless brain–computer interface
	3.5 The future of wearable brain–computer interface
	References
	Further reading
4 AdaptableSDA: secure data aggregation framework in wireless body area networks
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Background
		4.2.1 Proposed work
	4.3 Main focus of the chapter
		4.3.1 AdaptableSDA: end-to-end integrity
		4.3.2 AdaptableSDA: hop-by-hop integrity
		4.3.3 Proposed aggregation protocol
			4.3.3.1 Bootstrapping
			4.3.3.2 Aggregation tree construction
		4.3.4 Establishment of keys
		4.3.5 Aggregation phase
	4.4 Solutions
		4.4.1 Example of end-to-end approach
		4.4.2 Example of hop-by-hop approach
		4.4.3 Metrics of evaluation
		4.4.4 Results of various configurations of SDA
		4.4.5 Results of aggregation protocol
	4.5 Future research directions
		4.5.1 Existing issues, challenges, and problems
		4.5.2 Future directions
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
5 Screening and early identification of microcalcifications in breast using texture-based ANFIS classification
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Literature review
		5.2.1 Medical imaging modalities
		5.2.2 Mammographic image classification
	5.3 Methodology
		5.3.1 Two-way classification and feature extraction technique
		5.3.2 K-means algorithm
		5.3.3 Adaptive neurofuzzy structure
	5.4 Results for diagnosis of microcalcification in breast
		5.4.1 Image acquisition
		5.4.2 Preprocessing
		5.4.3 Edge detection
		5.4.4 Feature extraction
		5.4.5 Performance evaluation
	5.5 Discussions
	5.6 Conclusion
	5.7 Future scope
	References
	Further reading
6 Work environment and healthcare: a biometeorological approach based on wearables
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Biometeorological framework for the use of wearables
		6.2.1 Wearable devices and wearable sensors
		6.2.2 Biometeorology and health
	6.3 Heat stress and physiological mechanisms
		6.3.1 The homeostatic process: a medical approach
		6.3.2 Heat control systems and pathways
	6.4 Wearables, heat stress, and the workplace
		6.4.1 Heat at work: a global concern
		6.4.2 Wearables and heat indexes
		6.4.3 Case studies: outdoors versus indoors
			6.4.3.1 Outdoors thermal comfort and heart rate
			6.4.3.2 Indoors thermal comfort and heart rate
	6.5 Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
7 Reading Assistant: a reciter in your pocket
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Related work
	7.3 Reading Assistant architecture
		7.3.1 Preprocessing module
		7.3.2 Optical character recognition
			7.3.2.1 Image scanning
			7.3.2.2 Segmentation
		7.3.3 Text-to-speech module
			7.3.3.1 Text analysis and detection
			7.3.3.2 Text normalization and linearization
			7.3.3.3 Phonetic analysis
			7.3.3.4 Prosodic modeling and intonation
			7.3.3.5 Acousting processing
		7.3.4 Raspberry Pi
	7.4 Analysis
	7.5 Summary
	References
8 Toward secure and privacy-preserving WIBSN-based health monitoring applications
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The chapter’s motivation
	8.3 WIBSN-based healthcare system
		8.3.1 The system architecture
		8.3.2 A three-layered communication architecture
		8.3.3 Health monitoring applications
	8.4 Primary attacks targeting healthcare applications
		8.4.1 Eavesdropping on radio communications among sensors
		8.4.2 Denial of service: attacks against system availability and integrity
	8.5 Security and privacy requirements
	8.6 Security awareness and privacy preservation techniques
		8.6.1 Proximity-based access control mechanism
			8.6.1.1 Ultrasonic-AC approach
			8.6.1.2 Energy-aware proximity-based access control techniques
		8.6.2 Biometrics-based privacy preserving mechanisms
			8.6.2.1 ECG characteristics
			8.6.2.2 ECG features extraction using fast Fourier transform
			8.6.2.3 Powerless mutual authentication using generated biometric keys
			8.6.2.4 Establishment of secure communication
		8.6.3 External/wearable hardware-based solutions
	8.7 Comparison of security techniques
	8.8 Emerging security challenges
	8.9 Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
9 Smart ambulance traffic management system (SATMS)—a support for wearable and implantable medical devices
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Case study
	9.3 Proposed design
		9.3.1 Design
			9.3.1.1 Sensors
	9.4 Results and discussion
	9.5 Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
10 Internet of things-linked wearable devices for managing food safety in the healthcare sector
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Background and context
		10.2.1 Food hygiene and safety
		10.2.2 Food spoilage and deterioration
		10.2.3 Foodborne disease
		10.2.4 Food safety hazards
			10.2.4.1 Chemical
			10.2.4.2 Physical
			10.2.4.3 Microbiological
		10.2.5 Management of food hazards
			10.2.5.1 Good Manufacturing Practices
			10.2.5.2 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
	10.3 Healthcare food service facilities
	10.4 System design
		10.4.1 IoT-based architecture for food safety in healthcare
		10.4.2 Advantages of adopting IoT-based wearable devices in healthcare food preparation
		10.4.3 Utilizing wearable IoT technologies to solve food safety issues in healthcare preparation
		10.4.4 Features and requirements of sensors used in wearable devices for food safety applications
	10.5 Discussion
	10.6 Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Index