Water Quality Measurements Series: Detection Methods for Algae, Protozoa and Helminths in Fresh and Drinking Water

Detection Methods for Algae, Protozoa and Helminths in Fresh and Drinking Water......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Series Preface......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
The Series Editor - Philippe Quevauviller......Page 17
List of Contributors......Page 19
PART ONE: SANITARY AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS......Page 21
1.1 Introduction......Page 23
1.2 Algae......Page 24
1.3 Protozoa......Page 26
1.4 Nematodes......Page 27
1.5 Bloodworms or Midges (Chironomid Larvae)......Page 28
1.6 Actinomycetes......Page 29
1.7 Iron and Sulphur Bacteria......Page 30
1.8 Nitrifying Bacteria......Page 32
1.10 Rotifers......Page 33
1.11 Zebra Mussels......Page 34
1.12 Conclusions......Page 35
References......Page 36
2.1 Introduction......Page 39
2.2 Separation Technology......Page 40
2.3 Oxidation Treatments for Disinfection......Page 50
2.4 Surface Water Treatment Plant......Page 55
2.5 Conclusions......Page 62
References......Page 63
3.1 Introduction......Page 65
3.2 Biological Criteria of the Czech Drinking Water Standard......Page 70
3.3 Other Standards, Regulations and Recommended Methods......Page 72
3.4 Application of Biological Methods in Water Supply Systems......Page 75
3.5 Conclusions......Page 86
References......Page 87
PART TWO: ALGAE AND HELMINTHS......Page 89
4.1 Introduction......Page 91
4.2 Description of Sampling Methods......Page 92
4.3 Description of the Subsampling Procedures......Page 93
4.4 Description of the Counting Techniques......Page 94
4.5 Considerations Regarding the Use of the Microscope......Page 96
4.6 Algae as Bioindicators......Page 97
4.7 Conclusions......Page 100
References......Page 101
5.2 Description of Methods and Comments......Page 103
5.3 Procedures......Page 106
References......Page 109
6.1 Introduction......Page 111
6.2 A Brief History of FCM......Page 112
6.3 Application of FCM to Aquatic Science......Page 114
6.4 Pigment Autofluorescence and Probes for FCM Analysis of Phytoplankton......Page 116
6.5 Species Identification with FCM: Oligonucleotides and Neural Network Analysis......Page 120
6.6 Conclusions......Page 121
References......Page 122
7.1 Introduction......Page 127
7.2 Cyanobacterial Toxins......Page 128
7.3 Bioassays......Page 132
7.4 Biochemical and Immunological Methods......Page 133
7.5 Chemical Methods......Page 135
7.6 Integrated Analysis of Cyanobacterial Toxins......Page 143
References......Page 144
Appendix 1......Page 148
8.1 Introduction......Page 153
8.2 Helminths, Drinking Water and Health Effects......Page 154
8.3 Collection and Processing Techniques for Helminths......Page 156
8.4 Recommendations for the Development of an Analytical Method for Determination of Helminths......Page 157
References......Page 160
PART THREE: PROTOZOA......Page 161
9.1 Introduction......Page 163
9.2 The Parasites......Page 165
9.4 The Disease......Page 168
9.5 Laboratory Diagnosis......Page 170
9.6 Transmission Routes......Page 171
9.7 Impact of Water Catchment on Raw Water Quality......Page 173
9.8 Methods for Dectecting Waterborne Oocysts and Cysts......Page 174
9.9 Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Gardia in Water......Page 181
9.10 Conclusions......Page 182
References......Page 183
10.1 Introduction......Page 187
10.2 Description of Concentration Methods......Page 188
10.3 Conclusions......Page 194
References......Page 197
11.1 Introduction......Page 199
11.2 Sample Purification Methods......Page 200
11.3 Methods for the Analytical Determination of Cysts and Oocysts......Page 203
References......Page 209
12.1 Introduction......Page 213
12.2 Viability......Page 215
12.3 Infectivity......Page 223
12.4 Conclusions......Page 231
References......Page 234
Index......Page 241