Water in Polymers

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 5
INTRODUCTION......Page 7
An Overview of Results......Page 8
A Final Word......Page 13
Literature Cited......Page 14
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
HYDROGEN BOND PATTERNS IN WATER......Page 15
STATISTICAL MECHANICAL THEORY......Page 17
SUPERCOOLING......Page 21
ABSTRACT......Page 24
LITERATURE CITED......Page 25
2 Solvation: A Molecular Dynamics Study of a Dipeptide in Water......Page 26
Model......Page 27
Solute Properties......Page 30
Structure and Dynamics of the Solvent......Page 34
Abstract......Page 44
Literature Cited......Page 45
1. Structure of Pure Water.......Page 46
2. Structure of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions.......Page 49
3. Mixtures: Water/Organic Liquids/Electrolytes.......Page 59
4. Aqueous Systems.......Page 67
List of Symbols......Page 71
Literature Cited......Page 72
4 Water and Proteins: Some History and Current Perspectives......Page 75
Effects of Pressure on Partial Volumes of Hydrophobic Solutes, at High Dilution......Page 76
Location of Water in Protein Crystals by X-ray or Neutron Diffraction......Page 80
Acknow!edgments......Page 83
Literature Cited......Page 84
5 The Water-Polymer Interface......Page 86
Nature of Water-Hydrocarbon Interactions - Surface Restructuring......Page 89
Adsorption and Contact Angle Behavior on Flat Polymer Surfaces: Potential - Distortion Model......Page 92
Surface Topology......Page 97
Ice-Polymer Adhesion......Page 98
Summary and Conclusions......Page 104
Literature Cited......Page 107
6 Thermodynamic and Related Studies of Water Interacting with Proteins......Page 109
Thermodynamics of Protein-Water Interactions......Page 111
Conclusions from Thermodynamics......Page 116
Comparison of Thermodynamic With Other Measurements of Hydration......Page 117
Dynamic Measurements......Page 119
Absence of Conformation Changes with Hydration......Page 124
Picture of the Hydration Process......Page 126
Acknowledgements......Page 128
Literature Cited......Page 129
7 The Structure of Water in Polymers......Page 131
Literature Cited......Page 141
Background......Page 143
Experimental......Page 147
Results and Discussion......Page 148
Literature Cited......Page 151
9 The Dynamics of Water-Protein Interactions Results from Measurements of Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion......Page 153
A Summary of NMRD Phenomena in Diamagnetic Systems......Page 155
Some Qualitative but Rigorous Deductions......Page 163
Models and Mechanisms......Page 166
Microscopic and Macroscopic Viscosity......Page 169
Conclusions......Page 170
Abstract......Page 171
Literature Cited......Page 172
10 Distribution of Water in Heterogeneous Food and Model Systems......Page 173
Experimental Procedures and Results......Page 174
Discussion......Page 178
Summary......Page 189
Literature Cited......Page 190
11 Modeling Water-Protein Interactions in a Protein Crystal......Page 192
Energy map of solvent space near protein molecules.......Page 193
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Crystal......Page 197
Abstract......Page 206
Literature Cited......Page 207
12 The Determination of Structural Water by Neutron Protein Crystallography An Analysis of the Carbon Monoxide Myoglobin Water Structure......Page 208
Literature Cited......Page 217
13 Density of Elastin-Water System......Page 218
Experimental......Page 219
Results and Discussion......Page 221
Literature Cited......Page 226
1. Review of results on collagen fiber from rat tail tendon......Page 228
2.1 - Collagen samples......Page 230
2.2 - Keratin samples......Page 231
3.1 - Comparison of different collagen samples......Page 232
Collagen......Page 234
Hydration of different keratin samples......Page 239
Literature Cited......Page 242
15 New Insights into the Crystal Structure Hydration of Polysaccharides......Page 244
Xylan [Poly (1→4)-β-D-XYLP]......Page 246
Nigeran [Poly (1→4)-α-D-GLCP-( 1→3)-α-D-GLCP]......Page 248
Amylose [Poly (1→4)-α-D-GLCP]......Page 251
Galactomannan......Page 255
(1→3)-β-D-Glucan and Xylan......Page 257
Discussion......Page 258
Literature Cited......Page 262
Measurement of Bound Water......Page 264
Experimental......Page 265
Capillary Condensation - Freezing Point Depression......Page 267
Results and Discussion......Page 270
Literature Cited......Page 276
17 Water in Mucopolysaccharides......Page 278
Experimental......Page 279
Results......Page 281
Discussion.......Page 286
Literature Cited......Page 295
18 Volume Changes During Water Binding to Hair Fibers......Page 297
The Method for Measuring Fiber Diameters at Ambient Humidities......Page 298
Experimental Determination of Hair Fiber Diameter Changes at Various Humidities......Page 300
Free Energy Changes Accompanying The Binding of Water to Hair......Page 303
Computation of ΔGB From Experimental Data......Page 304
Comparison of Measured Values of ΔGB With Those Calculated From Various Models......Page 306
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 309
Literature Cited......Page 310
19 Relaxation Studies of Adsorbed Water on Porous Glass Varying Temperature and Pore Size at Constant Coverages......Page 311
Methods......Page 312
Experimental Results......Page 313
Interpretation of Results......Page 319
Relaxation Analysis......Page 323
Discussion......Page 325
Conclusions......Page 329
Literature Cited......Page 330
20 Solute Permeation Through Hydrogel Membranes Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic Solutes......Page 334
Materials and Methods......Page 335
Results and Discussion......Page 336
Abstract......Page 344
Literature Cited......Page 345
21 Water Binding in Regular Copolyoxamide Membranes......Page 347
Conclusions......Page 359
Literature Cited......Page 360
22 Diffusion of Water in Rubbers......Page 361
Model Rubber......Page 362
Equilibrium Water Absorption......Page 363
Kinetics of Water Absorption......Page 366
Conclusion......Page 371
Appendix: Rubber Compound Formulations......Page 372
23 Hydration Control of Ion Distribution in Polystyrene Sulfonate Gels and Resins......Page 373
Theoretical......Page 377
i. The Effective Concentration of Mobile Counterions in Charged Polymers.......Page 378
ii. Equivalence in the Deviation from Ideality of Counter-Ions:......Page 379
iii. Evaluation of the Molal Activity Coefficient Ratio of Pairs of Mobile Counter Ions in the Charged Polymer Phase.......Page 380
iv. Examinations of the Predictive Quality of the Method Proposed For The Anticipation of the Distribution of Pairs of Ions Between an Ion-Exchange Resin and Simple Neutral Electrolyte.......Page 381
Literature Cited......Page 385
24 Fluid Exudation and the Load-Deformation Properties of Articular Cartilage During Compression......Page 388
Experimental Procedures......Page 389
Results......Page 401
Discussion......Page 408
Literature Cited......Page 414
Thermodynamic Properties......Page 416
Viscoelastic Properties......Page 419
Conclusions......Page 422
Literature Cited......Page 423
26 Clustering of Water in Polymers......Page 424
REFERENCES......Page 433
27 Water Sorption and Its Effect on a Polymer\'s Dielectric Behavior......Page 434
Experimental......Page 436
Results and Discussion......Page 438
Conclusion......Page 450
Literature Cited......Page 451
28 Water Absorption in Acid Nafion Membranes......Page 452
Results......Page 453
Literature Cited......Page 468
Heat of Absorption Measurements......Page 470
Mössbauer Spectroscopy......Page 472
Small angle scattering results......Page 478
Conclusion......Page 482
Literature Cited......Page 484
30 The Interactions of Water with Epoxy Resins......Page 485
Results and Discussion......Page 486
Conclusion......Page 492
Literature Cited......Page 493
31 Glass Transition Temperature of Wet Fibers Its Measurement and Significance......Page 494
Experimental......Page 495
Discussion of Results......Page 496
Abstract......Page 507
Literature Cited......Page 508
32 Effect of Moisture on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Nylon 66......Page 510
Experimental......Page 511
Results and Discussion......Page 514
Summary and Conclusions......Page 528
Acknowledgement......Page 529
Literature Cited......Page 530
Experimental......Page 533
Apparatus......Page 535
Results......Page 537
Summary......Page 545
Abstract......Page 546
Literature Cited......Page 547
Experimental......Page 548
Results and Discussion......Page 551
Conclusions......Page 559
Literature Cited.......Page 560
B......Page 561
C......Page 562
D......Page 563
F......Page 564
H......Page 565
I......Page 566
M......Page 567
P......Page 568
S......Page 570
V......Page 572
Y......Page 573