War Torn Environment: Interpreting the Legal Threshold

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Table of Treaties and Other International Acts
Table of Cases
List of Abbreviations
Glossary
Introduction
Part I: The Law
	1. Vietnam and Beyond: The Conception of the Environmental Laws of War
		1. The Indo-China War
		2. The Growth of International Law for the Protection of the Environment
		3. Mapping the Major Developments in the Law of Armed Conflict
		4. The Rationale for Environmental Protection in Armed Conflict
	2. Deconstructing \"Environmental Damage\"
		1. Environmental Damage Criteria
		2. The Criteria
	3. Factors Affecting the Intensity of \"Environmental Damage\"
		1. The γ Axis: Rate of Change
		2. The χ Axis: Scale of Change
	4. \"Environmental Damage\": Prevention, Compensation and Restoration
		1. Prevention
		2. Compensation
		3. Restoration
		4. State Responsibility
	5. Direct Environmental Protection Provided by the Law of Armed Conflict
		1. Environmental Provisions in the Law of Armed Conflicts
		2. The Environmental Protection Afforded by ENMOD
		3. Environmental Provisions within Protocol I: Analysis of Obligations
		4. Environmental Provisions in Protocol I: Analysis of the Standard of Harm
		5. The Customary Status of the Provisions in Protocol I
	6. Indirect Environmental Protection Provided by the Law of Armed Conflict
		1. \'Special\' Environmental Feature
		2. Human Use Value
		3. Protection Against the Release of Particularly Hazardous and Toxic Substances
		4. Particular Environmentally Damaging Activities
		5. Transboundary Environmental Damage: The Laws of Neutrality
Part II: The Analysis
	7. The Search for a Standard
		1. Setting the Benchmark Standard
		2. Is the Adopted Standard Binding During Armed Conflict?
	8. The Search for Measuring Tools
		1. Finding the Tools
		2. Are the Adopted Tools Binding During Armed Conflict?
	9. The Structure of the Analysis
		1. Is \"Significant\" Environmental Damage Shown?
		2. Analysis of Environmental Protection Afforded by Environmental Law
		3. Analysis of the Law of Armed Conflicts
		4. Conclusions on the Analysis
		5. Choice of Case Studies
The Cases
	Case 1: A Crude Weapon – Iraqi Oil-Well Fires and Sea Pollution
	Case 2: Attacking Industrial Facilities at Pancevo
	Case 3: Chemical Warfare by Iraq
	Case 4: Depleted Uranium Ammunition in Kosovo, 1999
	Case 5: Cluster Weapons
	Case 6: Dangerous Remnants of War in the 1990-91 Gulf Conflict
Part III: The Results
	10. The Tabulation of Results
		1. Patterns Emerging from the Table
		2. Observations
	11. The Conclusions
		1. The Effectiveness of the Law of Armed Conflicts in Protecting the Environment
		2. Realistic Options for Improvement of Protection
		3. Reinterpretation Reviewed
		4. Final Points
Select Bibliography
Index
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