Voluntourism and Language Learning/Teaching: Critical Perspectives

Praise for Voluntourism and Language Learning/Teaching
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Introducing Language-Motivated Voluntourism
	Setting the Stage
	Volunteer Tourism: A Changing Field
	From Segmented Volunteer Tourism to Language-Motivated Voluntourism
	Language in Tourism
	Critical Perspectives
	Outline of the Book
	References
Part I: Language-Motivated Voluntourism in Contexts of Leisure and Holiday Travel
	2: Immersion as Language Ideology and Other Discourses in English-Language Voluntourism
		Introduction
		English as Development Within English-Language Voluntourism
		Beyond Good or Bad: Studies of Volunteer Tourism in Specific Sectors
		Methods
		Findings
			English for Modernist Development
			English for Entrepreneurial Subjectivity
			English for Addressing Inequality
			Native English Immersion as Pedagogy
			Discrepant Data
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
	3: Becoming “TEFL Certified”: Professionalization, Certification, and Commodification in Teaching English as a Foreign Language Volunteer Tourism
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			“Doing Well” by (Purportedly) “Doing Good”
			TEFL Certification
			“Fast-Track” Teacher Certification
			Becoming “TEFL Certified” Within the Context of Volunteer Tourism
		Methodology
		Findings and Discussion
			Organization and Program Management Standards
				Mission Statement
				Program Length and Structure
				Administration
				Candidate Services
			Curriculum and Instructor Standards
				Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment
				Instructor
			Candidate Standards
				Language
				Culture
				Instruction and Assessment
				Professionalism
		Conclusion
		References
	4: Translating the Value of Global Languages: Learning/Teaching Spanish/English Within Volunteer Tourism in Cusco, Peru
		Negotiating Linguistic Practice
		Where Locals, Tourists, and Anthropologists Meet
			Evolving Tourism Industries: Cusco from 1980s to 2010s
			Working, Playing, and Learning with Tourists: Cusco’s Child Vendors
			Methods: Accessing Foreigner and Local Points of View
		Teaching and Learning Fluctuations, Linguistic Dreaming, and English as Enrichment
			Coming and Going: Fluctuations in Volunteer Teacher and Child Learner
			English as the Language of Mobility: Linguistic Dreaming of Cusco’s Child Vendors
			Linguistic Power Struggles: Classes Versus Practice as Forms of Language Enrichment
		Meaningful Work, Meaningful Learning
			Volunteers as Experience Consumers: Entitlement to Meaningful Work
			Child Vendors as Agentive Language Users: Desires for Meaningful Learning
		Connection Through and In Spite of Linguistic Barriers
			Multilingual Resources for Connection
		Linguistic Cosmopolitanisms in Action: Global Languages and Their Values
		References
	5: The Off-Duty Expectations of International Volunteer Language Teachers: A Middling Transnational Perspective
		Introduction
		Middling Transnationals and Work-Leisure Configuration: An Emerging Practice of Combining Leisure, Labor, and Mobility
		Volunteer Tourism and Working Tourism
		Context of the Investigation: The Nikkei Volunteer Program
		Methods
		Analysis: Off-Duty Expectations as Part of Volunteers’ Decisions—Choosing a Destination, Choosing a Language
			Keiko’s Case: An “Unserious” Reason for Choosing Her Destination
			Yuko’s Case: “Spanish, if Possible” to Search for “Something Additional”
			Tamaki’s Case: The Value of Portuguese in Her Own Employment Context in Japan
		Discussion: Shedding Light on the Linguistic Aspect of Middling Transnationals’ Subjectivities
		References
Part II: Language-Motivated Voluntourism as Precarious Labor
	6: Dreaming of Entrepreneurship, Europe, English, and Freedom: Voluntourism as a Pure Survival Strategy
		Language Tourist or Illegalized Migrant?
		Voluntourism and Language Learning as Entrance to Labor Migration
		Methods
		Issam’s Dreams
			Dreaming of Entrepreneurship, Europe, and English: Language Tourism in Malta
			Desire for Freedom and Emancipation: Escaping or Being Trapped as a Voluntourist in Europe
		Conclusion: Toward a More Comprehensive Understanding of (Inequalities in) Voluntourism
		References
	7: Institutionalized Volunteerism in Language Tourism: Volunteer Internship Programs for South Korean Young Adults Studying English in Toronto
		Introduction
		Infrastructure of Language Tourism as Migration
		Global Experience in Neoliberal South Korean Society
		The Study
		The Intermediaries’ Marketing of Internships as Volunteerism
		The Intermediaries’ Institutionalization of Volunteer Internships
		The Students’ Demystification of Volunteer Internships
		Discussion and Implications
		References
	8: Voluntelling the Voluntoured: State-Prompted South Korean English Language and Labor Mobility in Australia
		Introduction
		South Koreans and Global Travel
		Methods
		Australia and Racialized Spatial Segregation
		The Australian Countryside
		Experiences of “Value Beyond Value”
		Paradoxical Inclusions
		Conclusion
		References
	9: “Gaps,” Workers with No Schedule: The Making of Casual Workers in Two Northern Irish Boarding Schools
		“The Job of a Boarding Is Not Just a Timetable”
		Young Traveling Language Assistants as “Gaps”
		Living with “Gaps”: Ethnographic Explorations of Two Boarding Schools in NI
		The Changing Landscapes of Northern Irish Boarding Schools
		“Because They’re Cheap Labor”: An International Workforce
		“Contribute Your Skills Wholeheartedly”: Regulating the Days and Bodies of Language Assistants
		The Gapification of Workers and the Moralities of Compliance
		Regulating Time off: Shaping Imaginaries of Mobility Through Language Assistantship Contracts
		Gap Years, Voluntourists, or Language Workers and Learners?
		References
	10: Afterword: The Wages of Global Experience, Post Unit Thinking, and Post Native Speaker Ideologies in Volunteer Tourism
		The Wages of Global Experience
			The Discourse of Globalization
			The Discourse of Immersion
			The Discourse of Volunteering as Receiving
			Effects on the Discourses of Globalization, Immersion, and Volunteering as Receiving
		Language Learning, Standardization, and Unit Thinking: Reinterpreting Ideologies of Native Speakers and Immersion
			The Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program and Neo-Immersion
			Comfortable Speakers (Formerly Known as Native Speakers)
			Rethinking English-Language Voluntourism and Immersion
		Wordplay
		References
Index