Vitamin A in Health and Disease

Introduction
Overview of Vitamin A Metabolism and Function
Metabolism of Vitamin A
Absorption of Vitamin A
Role of Perisinusoidal Stellate Cells in Vitamin A Storage
The Retinol-Binding Protein Superfamily
Dynamic and Control of Plasma Retinol
Retinoic Acid Homeostasis: Prospective Roles of b-Carotene, Retinol, CRBP, and CRABP
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin A and Carotenoids
Role of Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptors in the Regulation of Gene Expression
The Retinoid X Receptors: Modulators of Multiple Hormonal Signaling Pathways
Retinoylation of Proteins in Mammalian Cells
Role of Carotenoids in Antioxidant Defense
Embryonic Development
Role of Retinoids in Embryonic Development
Vitamin A in Lung Development and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Are Ethanol-Induced Birth Defects Caused by Functional Retinoic Acid Deficiency?
Skin and Epithelial Cells
Role of Retinoids in Normal and Diseased Skin
Regulation of Epithelial Differentiation by Retinoids
Blood Cells
Role of Retinoids in Normal Hematopoiesis and the Immune System
Retinoids and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Vision
Retinoid Isomerization Reactions in the Visual System
Reproduction
Vitamin A Functions in the Reproductive Organs
Intake and Cancer Incidence
Vitamin A and Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence in Humans
Deficiency and Toxicity
Vitamin A Deficiency: Its Epidemiology and Relation to Child Mortality and Morbidity
Teratogenicity of Vitamin A and Retinoids
Requirements
Dietary Vitamin A Requirements