Visualizing Human Geography: At Home in a Diverse World (VISUALIZING SERIES)

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 26
1 What Is Human Geography?......Page 34
WHERE GEOGRAPHERS CLICK: Careers in Geography......Page 36
Nature and Culture......Page 37
Cultural Landscapes and Regions......Page 42
Place......Page 44
Space......Page 46
Spatial Diffusion......Page 48
Spatial Interaction and Globalization......Page 49
Geographic Scale......Page 52
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: Cartographic Scale......Page 53
Remote Sensing......Page 55
Global Positioning System......Page 58
Geographic Information Systems......Page 59
2 Globalization and Cultural Geography......Page 66
Contemporary Globalization......Page 68
Cultural Impacts of Globalization......Page 72
The Commodification of Culture......Page 76
Advertising, Commodification, and Cultural Practice......Page 77
Sports, Representation, and Commodification......Page 79
World Heritage......Page 80
Cultural Geographies of Local Knowledge......Page 82
Geographies of Traditional Medicine......Page 83
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Leeches for Curing Illness......Page 84
Cultural Ecology and Local Knowledge......Page 86
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: Qanats......Page 88
3 Population and Migration......Page 96
Population Distribution and Density......Page 98
Fertility......Page 99
Mortality......Page 103
Life Expectancy and Infant Mortality......Page 104
Population Pyramids......Page 105
Sex Ratio......Page 107
Rate of Natural Increase......Page 108
Demographic Transition Model......Page 109
Malthusian Population Theory......Page 110
Food Insecurity......Page 111
Forced and Voluntary Migration......Page 113
Patterns of Global Migration......Page 114
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: Economic and Sociocultural Transnationalism......Page 118
4 Geographies of Language......Page 128
Languages in the World......Page 130
Types of Language......Page 131
Languages by Size......Page 133
Language Families......Page 134
Language Diffusion and Globalization......Page 137
Linguistic Dominance......Page 140
Pidgin and Creole Languages......Page 141
Lingua Francas......Page 143
Language Endangerment and Diversity......Page 144
Dialect Regions......Page 149
WHERE GEOGRAPHERS CLICK: Dictionary of American Regional English......Page 151
African American English......Page 152
Chicano English......Page 153
Standard Dialects......Page 154
Toponyms......Page 155
5 Geographies of Religion......Page 160
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Santeria......Page 162
Christianity......Page 164
Islam......Page 165
Hinduism......Page 167
Buddhism......Page 168
Sikhism......Page 169
Religions of the Semitic Hearth......Page 170
Religions of the Indic Hearth......Page 172
Religion, Society, and Globalization......Page 173
Sacred Space......Page 174
Tradition and Change......Page 180
Religious Law and Social Space......Page 181
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Self-Stabbing......Page 182
Geopiety......Page 184
Religion and Landscape......Page 185
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: Deathscapes......Page 186
6 Geographies of Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Sexuality, and Gender......Page 192
How Has Racism Developed?......Page 194
Race and Place in Vancouver’s Chinatown......Page 198
Geographies of Apartheid......Page 200
Defining and Characterizing Ethnicity......Page 202
Ethnicity, Race, and the Census in Global Context......Page 203
Ethnicity, Race, and the Census in the United States......Page 204
WHERE GEOGRAPHERS CLICK: American Factfinder......Page 205
Ethnic Interaction and Globalization......Page 208
Ethnic Conflict......Page 211
Environmental Justice......Page 213
Sexuality, Identity, and Space......Page 214
Geography and Gender......Page 215
7 Political Geographies......Page 224
Key Concepts in Political Geography......Page 226
The Development of the State and Its Sovereignty......Page 227
Nations and States......Page 229
Imperialism and Colonialism......Page 231
Geographical Characteristics of States......Page 233
Boundaries......Page 234
Territorial Extent and Configuration......Page 236
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Estonia—Identity, Religion, and Politics......Page 238
Separatism and Devolution......Page 239
The United Nations......Page 241
The European Union......Page 242
The Geopolitical Tradition......Page 244
The Heartland Theory......Page 245
Contemporary and Critical Geopolitics......Page 246
Globalization and Terrorism......Page 248
Gerrymandering......Page 250
Landscapes of Central Authority......Page 253
Political Iconography......Page 254
WHERE GEOGRAPHERS CLICK: CAIN Web Service: Political Wall Murals in Northern Ireland......Page 255
8 Urban Geographies......Page 260
What Are Cities?......Page 262
Urban Settlements......Page 263
Urbanization......Page 264
Urban Hierarchies and Globalization......Page 268
Urban Land Use......Page 272
Urban Structure in North America......Page 273
Urban Structure Outside North America......Page 276
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: Spatial Imprints of Urban Consumption......Page 277
Public Policy and Residential Change......Page 280
Urban Redevelopment......Page 281
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Trastevere......Page 282
Urban Poverty and the Informal Sector......Page 283
Urban Planning......Page 286
9 Geographies of Development......Page 292
What Is Development?......Page 294
Economic Indicators......Page 296
Sociodemographic Indicators......Page 300
Development and Gender-Related Indexes......Page 301
WHERE GEOGRAPHERS CLICK: Human Development Reports......Page 305
Development and Income Inequality......Page 307
The Gap Between the Rich and the Poor......Page 308
Factors Affecting Income Distribution......Page 310
Globalization and Income Distribution......Page 311
The Classical Model of Development......Page 312
Dependency Theory......Page 313
World-System Theory......Page 314
The Neoliberal Model of Development......Page 316
Poverty-Reduction Theory and Millennium Development......Page 317
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: Poverty Mapping......Page 318
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Solar Cooking......Page 320
10 Changing Geographies of Industry and Services......Page 326
Primary Industry......Page 328
Secondary Industry......Page 330
Tertiary Industry......Page 332
Factors Affecting the Location of Manufacturing......Page 333
Fordism......Page 334
Fordist Production......Page 335
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: A Commodity Chain......Page 336
Newly Industrialized Economies......Page 339
Export-Processing Zones......Page 340
Offshoring......Page 344
Deindustrialization and Globalization......Page 346
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Essaouira, Morocco......Page 347
Services, Gender, and Postindustrial Society......Page 348
11 Agricultural Geographies......Page 356
Origins of Agriculture......Page 358
The First and Second Agricultural Revolutions......Page 359
The Third Agricultural Revolution......Page 360
Agricultural Systems......Page 365
Subsistence Agriculture......Page 366
Commercial Agriculture......Page 370
Spatial Variations in Agriculture......Page 374
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: The Shrinking Aral Sea......Page 376
Sustainable Agriculture......Page 377
WHERE GEOGRAPHERS CLICK: Cultural Landscapes from Around the World......Page 379
The Global Food Crisis......Page 380
12 Environmental Challenges......Page 386
Ecological Concepts......Page 388
Common Property Resources......Page 390
Nonrenewable Energy Resources......Page 392
Oil......Page 393
Coal......Page 396
Uranium......Page 398
Renewable Energy Resources......Page 400
Biomass Energy......Page 401
Hydropower......Page 402
Solar and Wind Energy......Page 403
Geothermal Energy......Page 404
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Alternative Energy......Page 405
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming......Page 406
Carbon Footprints......Page 408
WHAT A GEOGRAPHER SEES: Environmental Change......Page 409
VIDEO EXPLORATIONS: Carbon Farming......Page 412
Appendix A: Understanding Map Projections......Page 419
Appendix B: Answers to Self-Tests......Page 425
Glossary......Page 427
References......Page 437
Credits......Page 447
Index......Page 454