Visual effects for film and television

visual effects for film and television......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
A note from the author......Page 8
What makes an effect ‘special’?......Page 9
Why create ‘effects’?......Page 10
Film......Page 11
Video......Page 12
Conclusion......Page 18
Film formats......Page 19
Film stocks......Page 24
Video formats......Page 25
Methods of creating visual effects......Page 29
The lens......Page 31
The shutter/pulldown system......Page 35
Filters and lens attachments......Page 40
Other image enhancements......Page 42
Stop frame/motion animation......Page 43
Timelapse......Page 45
Timeslice......Page 47
Miniatures......Page 49
Visual effects shooting toolkit......Page 57
Direct application......Page 61
Photogrammetry......Page 62
Non-photographic photography......Page 63
Video......Page 64
Digital......Page 65
4 Front of camera......Page 67
Optical effects......Page 68
Filtration......Page 71
Masks and vignettes......Page 72
The glass shot......Page 74
Photo cut-outs and hanging miniatures......Page 81
Mirrors......Page 84
Special processes using mirrors......Page 88
Film multiple imaging......Page 93
Video superimposition......Page 100
Matte and split-screen......Page 102
Video/digital switch and wipes......Page 106
Film rephotography......Page 109
Video re-recording......Page 115
Physical backgrounds......Page 123
Shooting backplates......Page 125
Background (scenic) projection......Page 132
Rear projection......Page 133
Front projection......Page 137
Miniature projection......Page 145
Large-screen video (including video projection)......Page 147
Brightness separation matte......Page 151
Multiple run mattes......Page 157
Film historic......Page 159
Video historic......Page 163
Choice of formats......Page 167
Choice of keying colour......Page 170
Creating the backing......Page 171
Lighting and setting up......Page 175
Complex colour screen shots......Page 177
Staging colour screen shots......Page 183
Special uses of blue/green screen processes......Page 188
Compositing colour screen shots......Page 189
Difference matting......Page 196
8 Computer-based systems and techniques......Page 199
Computers – external processes (for control)......Page 201
Camera systems......Page 202
Computer-controlled camera movement......Page 203
Formats......Page 217
Input to digital world......Page 221
Output to analogue......Page 222
Digital image manipulation......Page 223
2D digital image manipulation......Page 224
Compositing software......Page 232
New life into old methods......Page 234
Perfecting the illusion......Page 236
3D computer-generated imaging (CGI)......Page 240
Digitizing (getting information into the computer)......Page 244
Rendering (getting the images out of the computer)......Page 246
Glossary and further reading......Page 7