Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites

Cover
Half Title
Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
1. Introduction to Vinyl Ester Resin: Synthesis, Curing Behaviour and its Properties
	Contents
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Common Types of Vinyl Ester Structures
		1.2.1 Bisphenol A-Epoxy VERs
		1.2.2 Epoxy-Novolac VERs
		1.2.3 Flame-Retardant VERs
		1.2.4 Urethane-Based VERs
		1.2.5 Radiation-Curable VERs
	1.3 Synthesis of Vinyl Ester Resins
	1.4 Curing of Vinyl Ester Resins: Mechanism and Kinetics
	1.5 Properties of Vinyl Ester Resins
		1.5.1 Chemical and Rheological Properties
		1.5.2 Mechanical Properties
		1.5.3 Thermal Properties
	1.6 Conclusions
	References
2. Tensile, Flexural and Interfacial Properties of the Vinyl Ester–Based Bio-Composites
	Contents
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Leaf-Based Fibers/Vinyl Ester Bio-Composites
	2.3 The Bast-Based Fibers/Vinyl Ester Bio-Composites
	2.4 The Grass- and Cane-Based Fibers/Vinyl Ester Bio-Composites
	2.5 Other Bio-Reinforcement/Vinyl Ester Bio-Composites
	2.6 Future Perspective
	2.7 Conclusion
	References
3. Compression and Impact Properties of Vinyl Ester-Based Bio-Composites
	Contents
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Thermoset Composites
		3.1.2 Vinyl Ester and its Properties
			3.1.2.1 Properties of VE
		3.1.3 Vinyl Ester (VE)-Based Bio-Composites
	3.2 Compression Properties of VE-Based Bio-Composites
	3.3 Impact Properties of VE-Based Bio-Composites
	3.4 Conclusions
	References
4. Thermal Properties of Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites
	Contents
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites
	4.3 Thermal Properties of Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites
	4.4 Conclusion
	References
5. Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites: Influence of Agro-Wastes on Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester/Agro-Waste Biocomposites
	5.3 Thermal Properties of Vinyl Ester/Agro-Waste Biocomposites
	5.4 Strategies for the Mechanical and Thermal Properties Enhancement
	5.5 Challenges and Future Perspective
	Acknowledgment
	References
6. Natural Fiber-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites: Influence of Hybridization on Mechanical and Thermal Properties
	Contents
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Different Natural Fibers Used for Hybridization
	6.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Natural Fibers
	6.4 Surface Modification of Natural Fibers
		6.4.1 Physical Methods
		6.4.2 Chemical Methods
		6.4.3 Biological Methods
	6.5 Polymers Used for Composites Fabrication
	6.6 Various Composites Developed From Natural Fibers Reinforcement
	6.7 Technology Behind Vinyl Ester Polymer
	6.8 Natural Fibers Reinforcement with Vinyl Ester Polymers
	6.9 Hybrid Composites Developed From Vinyl Ester Polymers
	6.10 Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Developed Hybrid Composites
	6.11 Application of Vinyl Ester Polymers
	6.12 Conclusion
	References
7. Natural Fiber-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites: Influence of CNT Nanofillers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	7.1 Introduction to Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (NFP) Composites
		7.1.1 Natural Fiber Types
		7.1.2 Properties
		7.1.3 Natural Fibers and their Application in Industries
		7.1.4 Limitations
	7.2 Improve Interface/Interphase of NFPs Through Addition of Nanofillers
		7.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Types, Structure, and Functionalization
	7.3 CNTs and Functionalized CNTs Influence on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Natural Fiber (NF)/VE Composites
	7.4 Conclusions
	References
8. Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites: Influence of Nanoclay on Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Natural Fibres for Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites
	8.3 Vinyl Esters for Biocomposites
	8.4 Influence of Nanoclay
	8.5 Application of Vinyl Ester Biocomposites
	8.6 Conclusions
	References
9. Natural Fibre-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites: Influence of Silica Nanoparticles on Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Preparation Techniques for Vinyl Ester Silica Nanoparticles (VESiNPs) Composites
	9.3 Properties of Vinyl Ester Silica Nanoparticles (VESiNPs) Composites
		9.3.1 Properties of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Vinyl Ester
		9.3.2 Silica Nanoparticles
		9.3.3 Vinyl Ester Silica Nanoparticles (VESiNPs) Composites
	9.4 Effect of SiNPs Incorporation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties in VESiNPs Composites
	9.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective
	9.6 Acknowledgement
	References
10. Natural Fiber–Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites: Influence of Moisture Absorption on the Physical, Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Natural Fibers Reinforcement
	10.3 Vinyl Ester
	10.4 Fiber Reinforcement on Vinyl Ester Composites
		10.4.1 Preparation of Composites
		10.4.2 Properties of Natural Fiber– Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites
	10.5 Water Uptake Experiments
	10.6 Influence of Moisture Absorption
		10.6.1 Physical Properties
		10.6.2 Thermal Properties
		10.6.3 Mechanical Properties
	10.7 Conclusions
	References
11. Natural Fiber-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites: Influence of Soil Burial on Physico-Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Properties
	Contents
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Soil Burial Tests
	11.3 Water Absorption
	11.4 Mass Loss
	11.5 Mechanical Properties
	11.6 Thermal Properties
	11.7 FTIR Analysis
	11.8 SEM Analysis
	11.9 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
	11.10 Conclusion
	References
12. Vinyl Ester-Based Biocomposites for Various Applications
	Contents
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Potential Applications
		12.2.1 Composite
			12.2.1.1 Bio-based Vinyl Ester Resins
			12.2.1.2 Natural Fibers-Reinforced VERs Composite
		12.2.2 Coating
		12.2.3 Fire Retardant
		12.2.4 Adhesive
	12.3 Summary
	References
13. Kenaf-Banana-Jute Fiber-Reinforced Vinyl Ester-Based Hybrid Composites: Thermomechanical, Dynamic Mechanical and Thermogravimetric Analyses
	Contents
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Materials and Methods
		13.2.1 Materials
		13.2.2 Fabrication
	13.3 Characterization
		13.3.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
		13.3.2 Thermomechanical Analysis
		13.3.3 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
		13.3.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry Test
	13.4 Results and Discussions
		13.4.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis
		13.4.2 Thermomechanical Analysis
		13.4.3 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
			13.4.3.1 Storage Modulus E'
			13.4.3.2 Loss Modulus E''
			13.4.3.3 Tan Delta
		13.4.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
Index