Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary

Front Matter....Pages i-xliv
Front Matter....Pages 7-7
Introduction: On the Role of Treaties in the Development of International Law....Pages 1-6
Preamble....Pages 9-16
Front Matter....Pages 17-17
Article 1. Scope of the present Convention....Pages 19-25
Article 2. Use of terms....Pages 27-48
Article 3. International agreements not within the scope of the present Convention....Pages 49-79
Article 4. Non-retroactivity of the present Convention....Pages 81-88
Article 5. Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization....Pages 89-99
Front Matter....Pages 101-101
Article 6. Capacity of States to conclude treaties....Pages 105-117
Article 7. Full powers....Pages 119-130
Article 8. Subsequent confirmation of an act performed without authorization....Pages 131-135
Article 9. Adoption of the text....Pages 137-146
Article 10. Authentication of the text....Pages 147-151
Article 11. Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty....Pages 153-162
Article 12. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature....Pages 163-173
Article 13. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by an exchange of instruments constituting a treaty....Pages 175-179
Article 14. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by ratification, acceptance or approval....Pages 181-195
Article 15. Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by accession....Pages 197-208
Article 16. Exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession....Pages 209-213
Article 17. Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice of differing provisions....Pages 215-217
Article 18. Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a treaty prior to its entry into force....Pages 219-235
Front Matter....Pages 101-101
Article 19. Formulation of reservations....Pages 239-286
Article 20. Acceptance of and objection to reservations....Pages 287-306
Article 21. Legal effects of reservations and of objections to reservations....Pages 307-319
Article 22. Withdrawal of reservations and of objections to reservations....Pages 321-336
Article 23. Procedure regarding reservations....Pages 337-347
Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties....Pages 349-388
Article 24. Entry into force....Pages 391-406
Article 25. Provisional application....Pages 407-421
Front Matter....Pages 423-423
Article 26. Pacta sunt servanda ....Pages 427-451
Article 27. Internal law and observance of treaties....Pages 453-473
Article 28. Non-retroactivity of treaties....Pages 477-487
Article 29. Territorial scope of treaties....Pages 489-503
Article 30. Application of successive treaties relating to the same subject matter....Pages 505-518
Article 31. General rule of interpretation....Pages 521-570
Article 32. Supplementary means of interpretation....Pages 571-586
Article 33. Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more languages....Pages 587-601
Article 34. General rule regarding third States....Pages 605-643
Article 35. Treaties providing for obligations for third States....Pages 645-654
Article 36. Treaties providing for rights for third States....Pages 655-671
Article 37. Revocation or modification of obligations or rights of third States....Pages 673-684
Front Matter....Pages 423-423
Article 38. Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom....Pages 685-696
Front Matter....Pages 697-697
Article 39. General rule regarding the amendment of treaties....Pages 699-707
Article 40. Amendment of multilateral treaties....Pages 709-717
Article 41. Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only....Pages 719-727
Front Matter....Pages 729-729
Article 42. Validity and continuance in force of treaties....Pages 733-744
Article 43. Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty....Pages 745-751
Article 44. Separability of treaty provisions....Pages 753-763
Article 45. Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty....Pages 765-772
Article 46. Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties....Pages 775-804
Article 47. Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State....Pages 805-814
Article 48. Error....Pages 815-833
Article 49. Fraud....Pages 835-848
Article 50. Corruption of a representative of a State....Pages 849-855
Article 51. Coercion of a representative of a State....Pages 857-869
Article 52. Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force....Pages 871-896
Article 53. Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (“ jus cogens ”)....Pages 897-942
Article 54. Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties....Pages 945-962
Article 55. Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for Its entry into force....Pages 963-966
Article 56. Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal....Pages 967-987
Article 57. Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties....Pages 989-995
Front Matter....Pages 729-729
Article 58. Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only....Pages 997-1010
Article 59. Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty implied by conclusion of a later treaty....Pages 1011-1020
Article 60. Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of its breach....Pages 1021-1049
Article 61. Supervening impossibility of performance....Pages 1051-1065
Article 62. Fundamental change of circumstances....Pages 1067-1104
Article 63. Severance of diplomatic or consular relations....Pages 1105-1120
Article 64. Emergence of a new peremptory norm of general international law (“ jus cogens ”)....Pages 1121-1127
Article 65. Procedure to be followed with respect to invalidity, termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty....Pages 1131-1150
Article 66. Procedures for judicial settlement, arbitration and conciliation....Pages 1151-1157
Annex to Article 66....Pages 1159-1166
Article 67. Instruments for declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty....Pages 1167-1172
Article 68. Revocation of notifications and instruments provided for in articles 65 and 67....Pages 1173-1176
Article 69. Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty....Pages 1179-1193
Article 70. Consequences of the termination of a treaty....Pages 1195-1210
Article 71. Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law....Pages 1211-1226
Article 72. Consequences of the suspension of the operation of a treaty....Pages 1227-1235
Front Matter....Pages 1237-1237
Article 73. Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities....Pages 1239-1266
Article 74. Diplomatic and consular relations and the conclusion of treaties....Pages 1267-1278
Article 75. Case of an aggressor State....Pages 1279-1293
Front Matter....Pages 1295-1295
Article 76. Depositaries of treaties....Pages 1297-1307
Front Matter....Pages 1295-1295
Article 77. Functions of depositaries....Pages 1309-1324
Article 78. Notifications and communications....Pages 1325-1330
Article 79. Correction of errors in texts or in certified copies of treaties....Pages 1331-1337
Article 80. Registration and publication of treaties....Pages 1339-1344
Front Matter....Pages 1345-1345
Article 81. Signature....Pages 1347-1353
Article 82. Ratification....Pages 1355-1356
Article 83. Accession....Pages 1357-1358
Article 84. Entry into force....Pages 1359-1362
Article 85. Authentic texts....Pages 1363-1364
Back Matter....Pages 1365-1423