VFD challenges for shipboard electrical power system design

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
About the Author......Page 15
Chapter 1 Overview – VFD Motor Controller......Page 17
 1.2 Shipboard Power System Design Fundamentals......Page 19
 1.3 Shipboard Low Voltage Power System Design Development With VFD and Verification......Page 25
 1.4 Low Voltage Motor and Cable Insulation Stress Due to Variable Frequency Drive......Page 28
  1.5.1 IEEE Std 45-2002, Clause 4.6, Power Quality and Harmonics......Page 29
 1.6 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) for System Design With VFD (See Chapter 9)......Page 30
 1.7 Carrier Frequency Ranges for Typical Solid State Devices......Page 31
 1.8 VFD Fundamentals......Page 32
 1.10 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) – “Digital Twin”......Page 35
Chapter 2 Propulsion System Adjustable Speed Drive......Page 37
 2.1 The Shipboard Propulsion Power ASD/VFD Anomalies......Page 38
 2.2 Shipboard Electrical Propulsion System With Adjustable Speed Drive and Ship Service Power With Transformer and Motor‐Generator (MG) Set (Figure 2.1 and 2.2)......Page 39
 2.3 VFD System Design Verification......Page 41
 2.4 Typical DP ASD Propulsion, and Thrusters All With VFD Drives (Figure 2.3)......Page 43
Chapter 3 VFD Motor Controller for Ship Service Auxiliaries......Page 45
 3.1 480 V System with VFD Auxiliaries (Low Power‐Weak Distribution Bus)......Page 46
 3.3 450 V Ship Service Bus With 6 Pulse VFD and Active Front End (AFE) VFD......Page 47
 3.5 A 690 V Ship Service Bus Powering VFD With Details of VFD Feeder Cable and Motor Feeder Cable......Page 49
 4.1 The Advantage of Using DC Distribution......Page 51
 4.2 Typical Direct Current Power Distribution System (Refer to Figure 4.1)......Page 52
 5.1 VFD Motor Controller and Grounding......Page 55
 5.2 Grounding for the VFD Motor Controller EMI......Page 58
 5.3 NVIC 2-89 Requirement for Ground Detection for Ungrounded System and Grounded System (Extract Only)......Page 60
  5.4.1 Shipboard Power System Grounding IEEE-45 Recommendations......Page 61
  5.4.2 Typical Ground Detection System of Ungrounded Distribution - USCG Requirements......Page 62
 5.6 IEEE-142 Ground Monitoring Requirements......Page 63
 5.7 IEC Requirements......Page 64
 5.8 Recommendations for System Grounding......Page 65
  5.9.2 Passive Insulation Monitoring Device (IMD)......Page 66
  5.9.3 Active Insulation Monitoring Device (IMD)......Page 67
  5.9.4 Insulation Monitoring System for Grounded AC Systems With VFD System......Page 68
 5.10 System Capacitance to Ground Charging Current Calculation (Taken From IEEE-142)......Page 69
  5.12.1 Low Resistance Grounding-Transformer Sizing for 2400 V System......Page 71
  5.12.3 Grounding Resistor Size Calculation......Page 72
  5.12.5 The Following System Level Precaution Should be Taken Under Consideration......Page 73
 5.14 Grounding Resistor Selection Guideline per IEEE-32 Standard......Page 74
 5.15 Grounding Resistor Duty Rating......Page 75
 5.16 (IEEE-142 Section 1.5.2)-ZIGZAG Grounding Transformers......Page 76
 5.17 Explanations of Ground Detection System (IEEE-142 Base Figure Numbers in this Text)......Page 78
  5.17.2 Grounding at Points Other Than System Neutral......Page 79
 5.18 The Rating And Testing Neutral Grounding Resistors- IEEE-32 Standard......Page 82
Chapter 6 Shipboard Power Quality and VFD Effect......Page 85
 6.2 Harmonics Requirements: IEEE-519-1992 versus IEEE-519-2014......Page 86
 6.3 Solid State Devices Carrier Frequency......Page 88
 6.5 IEEE-519 THD Requirements (1992 and 2014 Version)......Page 90
  6.5.2 Total Demand Distortion (TDD)-Current Harmonics......Page 92
 6.8 DNV Regulation - Harmonic Distortion......Page 93
 6.10 Typical Calculation of Total Harmonic Distortion and Filter Applications......Page 95
 7.1 FMEA Analysis-Adaptation......Page 101
 7.2 Typical Design and Development of Power Generation to Serve Typical Ship Service Load......Page 102
 7.4 Qualitative Failure Analysis (QFA)......Page 104
  7.4.2 Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis –FMEA -General......Page 105
 7.5 Design Verification Test Procedure General – DVTP......Page 106
  7.5.1 Example of Propulsion Plant-(DVTP) Design Verification Test Procedure......Page 109
  7.7.3 480 V Supply Transformer......Page 110
 7.8 Ship Service Generator......Page 111
 8.1 Shipboard Cable for VFD Application......Page 113
 8.2 Cable Shielding Guide per IEEE-1143......Page 114
 8.3 VFD Cable Characteristics and Termination Techniques......Page 119
  8.4.1 Symmetrical Cable......Page 123
  8.5.2 VFD Cables Selection Criteria......Page 124
  8.6.1 Using Separate Neutral Conductors......Page 126
 8.9 VFD Cable Installation Recommended......Page 127
 8.10 Shipboard Grounding and Bonding Termination Recommendation......Page 130
  8.11.1 Cable Length Between VFD Motor Controller and Motor......Page 131
Chapter 9 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) and Digital Twin......Page 133
 9.1 Smart Ship System Design (S3D) Overview - VFD and ASD......Page 134
 9.2 Ship Design Regulatory Fundamentals – Electrical System Design and Development......Page 138
 9.3 S3D Based Modelling and Simulation for Design Verification......Page 139
 9.4 Sample System Level THD Requirements......Page 140
 9.5 Variable Frequency Drive – Solid State Devices Carrier Frequency Ranges......Page 141
  9.6.1 Industry Standards-IEEE-45 Requirement of Harmonic Distortion......Page 142
 Appendix A Equations......Page 145
 Appendix C Proper System Grounding to Manage Common Mode Current......Page 146
 Appendix D Grounded System Balance and Unbalanced Load Calculation......Page 147
  2 IEEE Std 45.1-2017 Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard—Design......Page 148
  1 Background......Page 149
  3 Recommendations......Page 150
Glossary......Page 151
Bibliography......Page 159
Index......Page 161
EULA......Page 163