Veterinary immunology

Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Surviving in a Microbial World
	The Microbial World
	The Defenders
	Where to Go for Additional Information
2 Innate Immunity
	How Invaders Are Recognized
	Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
	Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
	Soluble Pattern-Recognition Receptors
	Sentinel Cells
3 Humoral Innate Immunity
	Products of Sentinel Cells
	Inflammatory Mediators
	The Coagulation System
	Antimicrobial Molecules
4 Humoral Innate Immunity
	Complement Proteins
	Activation Pathways
	Regulation of Complement Activation
	Other Consequences of Complement Activation
	Complement Genes
	Complement Deficiencies
5 Cellular Innate Immunity
	Leukocyte Classification
	Neutrophils
	Emigration From the Bloodstream
	Phagocytosis
	Surface Receptors
	Fate
6 Cellular Innate Immunity
	Macrophages
	Functions
	Fate of Foreign Material
	Resolution of Inflammation
7 Sickness
	Sickness Behavior
	Systemic Innate Responses
	Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
	Protein Misfolding Diseases
8 How Immune Cells Communicate
	Cytokine Nomenclature
	Cytokine Functions
	Cytokine Structure
	Cytokine Receptors
	Cytokine Regulation
	Signal Transduction
	Gene Transcription
9 Antigens
	Microbial Antigens
	Nonmicrobial Antigens
	What Makes a Good Antigen?
	Epitopes
	Cross-Reactions
10 Dendritic Cells and Antigen Processing
	Dendritic Cells
	Dendritic Cells in Domestic Animals
	Other Antigen-Processing Cells
	Antigen Processing
	Histiocytosis and Histiocytomas
11 The Major Histocompatibility Complex
	Major Histocompatibility Complex
	MHC Class Ia Molecules
	MHC Class II Molecules
	MHC Class III Molecules
	MHC of Domestic Animals
	MHC Molecules and Disease
	MHC and Body Odors
12 Organs of the Immune System
	Sources of Lymphocytes
	Primary Lymphoid Organs
	Secondary Lymphoid Organs
	Tertiary Lymphoid Organs
13 Lymphocytes
	Lymphocyte Structure
	Lymphocyte Populations
	Lymphocyte Surface Molecules
	Species Differences
	Lymphocyte Mitogens
14 Helper T Cells and Their Response to Antigens
	Immunoglobulin Superfamily
	T Cell Antigen Receptors
	Co-Stimulators
	Immunological Synapse Formation
	Signal Transduction
	Overall Considerations
	Superantigens
	Helper T Cell Subpopulations
	Species Differences
	Memory T Cells
15 B Cells and Their Response to Antigens
	B Cell Antigen Receptors
	Antigen Presentation by B Cells
	Co-stimulation of B Cells
	B Cell Response
	Cellular Responses
	Plasma Cells
	Memory B Cells
	Germinal Centers
	Myelomas
	Hybridomas
16 Antibodies
	Immunoglobulins
	Immunoglobulin Classes
	Three-Dimensional Structure of Immunoglobulins
	Immunoglobulin Variants
	Production of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
	Immunoglobulins of Domestic Mammals
17 How Antigen-Binding Receptors Are Made
	Receptor-Antigen Binding
	Antigen Receptor Genes
	Immunoglobulin Diversity
	Gene Recombination
	Generation of Junctional Diversity
	Somatic Mutation
	Gene Conversion
	Species Differences
	T Cell Receptor Diversity
	γ/δ T Cell Diversity
	Epigenetic Regulation
18 T Cells and the Destruction of Cell-Associated Invaders
	Endogenous Antigens
	Apoptosis
	Cell Cooperation
	Cytotoxic T Cell Responses
	Cytotoxic T Cell Subsets
	Other Mechanisms of Cellular Cytotoxicity
	Macrophage Activation
	Effector T Cell Memory
19 Innate Lymphoid Cells
	Innate Helper Cells
	Innate Cytotoxic Cells
	NKT Cells
20 Regulation of Adaptive Immunity
	Tolerance
	T Cell Tolerance
	B Cell Tolerance
	Duration of Tolerance
	Control of Immune Responses
	Antigen Regulation of Immune Responses
	Antibody Regulation of Immune Responses
	Inhibitory Receptors
	Regulatory Cells
	Regulation by the Innate Immune System
	Regulation of Apoptosis
	Neural Regulation of Immunity
21 The Microbiota and the Immune System
	The Locations of the Microbiota
	The Functions of the Microbiota
	Immune Responses to the Microbiota
	Dysbiosis
	Odors
	The Virome
	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
22 Immunity at Body Surfaces
	Immunity on Body Surfaces
	Mucosal Lymphoid Tissues
	Adaptive Protective Mechanisms
	Immunity to Food
	Vaccination on Body Surfaces
23 Immunity in the Fetus and Newborn
	Development of the Immune System
	Immune Response of Newborn Mammals
	Transfer of Immunity From Mother to Offspring
	Failure of Passive Transfer
	Cell-Mediated Immunity and Colostrum
	Development of Adaptive Immunity in Neonatal Mammals
	Vaccination of Young Animals
24 Vaccines and Their Production
	Types of Immunization Procedures
	Passive Immunization
	Active Immunization
	Modern Vaccine Technology
	Adjuvants
25 The Use of Vaccines
	Administration of Vaccines
	Vaccination Strategies
	Vaccine Assessment
	Failures in Vaccination
	Adverse Consequences of Vaccination
	Adverse Effect Principles
	Production, Presentation, and Control of Vaccines
26 Immunity to Bacteria and Fungi
	Innate Immunity
	Adaptive Immunity
	Evasion of the Immune Response
	Some Antibacterial Vaccines
	Adverse Consequences of the Immune Responses
	Serology of Bacterial Infections
	Immunity to Fungal Infections
27 Immunity to Viruses
	Virus Structure and Antigens
	Pathogenesis of Virus Infections
	Innate Immunity
	Adaptive Immunity
	Evasion of the Immune Response by Viruses
	Adverse Consequences of Immunity to Viruses
	Some Selected Virus Diseases
	Some Antiviral Vaccines
	Serology of Viral Diseases
28 Immunity to Parasites
	Immunity to Protozoa
	Immunity to Helminths
	Immunity to Arthropods
29 Mast Cell and Eosinophil-Mediated Hypersensitivity
	Induction of Type I Hypersensitivity
	Immunoglobulin E
	Mast Cells
	Response of Mast Cells to Antigen
	Basophils
	Eosinophils
30 Allergic Diseases
	The Hygiene Hypothesis
	Specific Allergic Diseases
	Diagnosis of Type I Hypersensitivity
	Treatment of Type I Hypersensitivity
31 Red Cell Antigens and Antibody-Mediated Hypersensitivity
	Blood Groups
	Blood Transfusion and Incompatible Transfusions
	Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
	Blood Groups, Blood Transfusion, and Hemolytic Disease in Domestic Animals
	Parentage Testing
	Hemophagocytic Syndrome
	Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions to Drugs
	Type II Hypersensitivity in Infectious Diseases
32 Immune Complexes and Neutrophil-Mediated Hypersensitivity
	Classification of Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions
	Local Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions
	Generalized Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions
	Clinical Features of Glomerulonephritis
	Other Immune Complex–Mediated Lesions
33 T Cell–Mediated Hypersensitivity
	The Tuberculin Reaction
	Pathological Consequences of Type IV Hypersensitivity
	Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immunity
34 Organ Graft Rejection and Pregnancy
	Grafting of Organs
	Allograft Rejection
	Renal Allografts
	Skin Allografts
	Liver Allografts
	Cardiac Allografts
	Corneal Allografts
	Bone Allografts
	Bone Marrow Allografts
	Xenografts
	Allografts and the Reproductive System
35 Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy
	Tumors as Allografts?
	Cellular Defenses
	Failure of Immunity to Cancer Cells
	Tumor Immunotherapy
	Some Selected Tumors
	Lymphoid Tumors
36 Autoimmunity
	Induction of Autoimmunity
	Normal Immune Responses
	Abnormal Immune Responses
	Predisposing Factors
	Mechanisms of Tissue Damage in Autoimmunity
37 Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases
	Autoimmune Endocrine Disease
	Autoimmune Neurological Disease
	Autoimmune Eye Disease
	Autoimmune Reproductive Diseases
	Autoimmune Skin Diseases
	Autoimmune Nephritis
	Autoimmune Blood Diseases
	Autoimmune Muscle Diseases
	Dermatomyositis
	Chronic Active Hepatitis
38 Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
	Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
	Sjögren's Syndrome
	Autoimmune Polyarthritis
	Immune Vasculitis
39 Primary Immunodeficiencies
	Inherited Defects in Innate Immunity
	Inherited Defects in the Adaptive Immune System
	Immunodeficiencies of Horses
	Immunodeficiencies of Cattle
	Immunodeficiencies of Pigs
	Immunodeficiencies of Dogs
	Immunodeficiencies of Cats
	Immunodeficiencies of Mice
	Immunodeficiencies of Humans
40 Secondary Immunological Defects
	Virus-Induced Immunosuppression
	Retrovirus Infections in Cats
	Other Causes of Secondary Immunodeficiency
	Other Secondary Immunodeficiencies
41 Drugs and Other Agents That Affect the Immune System
	Suppression of the Immune System
	Nonspecific Immunosuppression
	Selective Immunosuppression
	Stimulation of the Immune System
42 Immunodiagnostic Techniques
	Reagents Used in Serological Tests
	Primary Binding Tests
	Antibody Labels
	The Flow Cytometer
	Secondary Binding Tests
	Assays in Living Systems
	Molecular Methods
	Diagnostic Applications of Immunological Tests
43 Evolution of the Immune System
	Immunity in Invertebrates
	Immunity in Vertebrates
	Immunity in Cyclostomes
	Immunity in Jawed Fish
	Immunity in Amphibians
	Immunity in Reptiles
	Immunity in Birds
	Generation of Antibody Diversity
	Maternal Immunity
	Immunity in Monotremes and Marsupials
	Mammalian Phylogeny
	Fever
Appendix 1 Annotated List of Selected CD Molecules
Appendix 2 Some Selected Cytokines
Appendix 3 Some Important Abbreviations
Glossary
Index
Greek Letters