Veterinary Hematology, Clinical Chemistry, and Cytology

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Editors
Preface
About the Companion Website
Section I General Principles of Laboratory Testing and Diagnosis
	Chapter 1 Laboratory Technology for Veterinary Medicine
		Hematologic techniques
		Chemistry techniques
	Chapter 2 Sample Collection and Processing, Preparations for Clinical Microscopy, and Analysis of Laboratory Service Options
		Blood sample collection and processing
		Collection, preparation, and examination techniques for clinical microscopy samples
		Analysis of diagnostic service implementation options
		Factors to consider when committing to in‐house testing
		Factors to consider when selecting external laboratory services
	Chapter 3 Perspectives in Laboratory Data Interpretation and Disease Diagnosis
		Introduction
		Reference interval background
		Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values
		Quality control
		Common factors that introduce error in laboratory values
		Approach to interpreting laboratory data
		Perspective on use of cytopathology
	Chapter 4 Immunodiagnostics: Current Use and Future Trends in Veterinary Medicine
		Introduction
		Antibody structure
		Generation of antibodies used in immunoassays
		Immunoassay formats
		Factors influencing immunoassay design
		Factors influencing immunoassay performance
		Future trends for use of immunodiagnostics in veterinary medicine
	Chapter 5 Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases of Animals
		Sample collection and shipping
		Transportation of biological samples
		Direct examination of clinical specimens
		Diagnostic approaches for bacterial infections
		Diagnostic approaches for fungal infections
		Diagnostic approaches for viral infections
		Diagnostic approaches for parasitic infections
		Molecular methods
		Role of postmortem investigation in infectious disease diagnosis
		Role of biopsy and histopathology in infectious disease diagnosis
		Laboratory diagnosis of infections affecting various body systems
		Conclusion
		5.A. List of Selected Pathogens/Major Infectious Diseases, Species of Animals, and the Recommended Diagnostic Tests
Section II Hematology of Common Domestic Species
	Chapter 6 Erythrocyte Production, Function, and Morphology
		Erythrocyte production
		Erythrocyte function
		Erythrocyte morphology
	Chapter 7 Classification of and Diagnostic Approach to Anemia
		Classification of anemia
		Diagnostic approach
		Summary
	Chapter 8 Nonregenerative Anemia
		Aplastic anemia (aplastic pancytopenia)
		Pure red cell aplasia/nonregenerative immune mediated anemia
		Red cell hypoplasia
	Chapter 9 Regenerative Anemia
		Blood loss
		Blood destruction (intravascular or extravascular hemolysis)
	Chapter 10 Classification of and Diagnostic Approach to Erythrocytosis
		Relative erythrocytosis
		Absolute erythrocytosis
		Clinical findings
		Diagnostic approach
		Therapy
	Chapter 11 Introduction to Leukocytes and the Leukogram
		Common blood leukocytes: general functions and morphology
		Reference values: the normal leukogram
	Chapter 12 Neutrophil Production, Trafficking, and Kinetics
		Production of granulocytes
		Maturation and orderly production
		Neutrophil pools and trafficking
		Growth factors and regulation of production and blood concentration
		Neutrophil kinetics
	Chapter 13 Interpretation of Leukocyte Responses in Disease
		Terminology of abnormal leukocyte concentration patterns
		Acquired changes in leukocyte morphology
		Inherited abnormalities of leukocyte morphology and function
		Interpretation of leukocyte responses
		Lymphocytosis
		Neutropenia
		Lymphopenia
		Monocytosis
		Eosinophilia
		Basophilia
	Chapter 14 Molecular Diagnostics of Hematologic Malignancies
		Overview
		Clonality testing
		Detection of genetic alterations in cancer cells
		High‐throughput sequencing in diagnostics
		Flow cytometry
		Immunocytochemistry
		Summary
	Chapter 15 Laboratory Evaluation of Bone Marrow
		Cells encountered in bone marrow films
		Cytochemistry and immunophenotyping
		Evaluation and interpretation of bone marrow films
		Stem cell disorders of marrow
		Neoplastic disorders involving bone marrow other than lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative disorders
	Chapter 16 Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Myeloid Neoplasms
		Overview of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders (leukemia)
		Myeloid neoplasms
		Myelodysplastic syndromes
		Overview of acute myeloid leukemias and myeloproliferative neoplasms
		Classification of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs)
		Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms
		Lymphoproliferative disorders
	Chapter 17 Disorders of Hemostasis
		Review of physiology of hemostasis
		Clinical approach to the bleeding patient
		Tests used to evaluate hemostasis
		Common hemostatic disease in veterinary medicine
	Chapter 18 Principles of Blood Transfusion and Crossmatching
		Blood groups
		Donor selection
		Indications for and general principles of transfusion therapy in dogs and cats
		Blood products
		How to type and crossmatch
		Sample requirements and preparation for sending samples to reference laboratories
		Appendix 18.1 Procedures for Crossmatching
Section III Hematology of Common Nondomestic Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, and Amphibians
	Chapter 19 Mammalian Hematology: Laboratory Animals and Miscellaneous Species
		Blood collection and handling
		General hematologic features of small mammals
		Hematologic features of rodents
		Hematologic features of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
		Hematologic features of ferrets (Mustela putorius)
		Hematologic features of African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)
		Hematologic features of primates
		Hematologic features of minipigs
		Hematologic features of camelids
		Hematologic features of deer
	Chapter 20 Hematology of Birds
		Collection and handling of blood samples
		Erythrocytes
		Leukocytes
		Thrombocytes and hemostasis
		Blood parasites
		Hematopoiesis
		Hematopoietic tissues other than bone marrow
	Chapter 21 Hematology of Reptiles
		Blood collection and handling
		Erythrocytes
		Leukocytes
		Thrombocytes and hemostasis
		Hematopoiesis
	Chapter 22 Hematology of Fish
		Blood collection and handling
		Erythrocytes
		Leukocytes
		Thrombocytes and hemostasis
		Blood parasites
		Viral inclusions
		Hematopoiesis
	Chapter 23 Hematology of Amphibians
		Collection and handling of blood
		Erythrocytes
		Leukocytes
		Thrombocytes
		Blood parasites
		Hematopoiesis
Section IV Clinical Chemistry of Common Domestic Species
	Chapter 24 Laboratory Evaluation and Interpretation of the Urinary System
		Introduction
		Laboratory evaluation of renal function: bloodwork
		Urinalysis
		Diseases/syndromes
		Definitions, glossary, and principles
		Appendix 24.1
	Chapter 25 Laboratory Evaluation of Electrolytes
		Sodium
		Chloride
		Potassium
		Anion gap
		Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium
	Chapter 26 Laboratory Evaluation of Acid‐Base Disorders
		Introduction
		Technical considerations
		Physiologic considerations
		Approach to interpretation of acid‐base data
		More advanced considerations
	Chapter 27 Laboratory Evaluation of the Liver
		Liver disease versus liver failure
		Introduction to enzymology
		Hepatocyte injury
		Cholestasis
		Liver function
		Patterns of laboratory abnormalities for specific diseases
		Summary
	Chapter 28 Laboratory Evaluation of the Pancreas and Glucose Metabolism
		The exocrine pancreas
		The endocrine pancreas
	Chapter 29 Laboratory Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Disease, Digestion, and Intestinal Absorption
		Introduction
		Maldigestion and malabsorption in dogs and cats
		Maldigestion and malabsorption in horses
		Maldigestion and malabsorption in ruminants
		Screening tests in veterinary medicine
		Tests in a reference laboratory
		Other tests that may be useful in assessing gastrointestinal disease
		Other laboratory abnormalities associated with disease of the digestive system
		Specific gastrointestinal disease syndromes
	Chapter 30 Laboratory Evaluation of Plasma and Serum Proteins
		Classification of plasma proteins
		Measurement of plasma and serum proteins
		Abnormal protein concentrations
		Appendix 30.1
		Appendix 30.2
		Appendix 30.3
		Appendix 30.4
		Appendix 30.5
		Appendix 30.6
	Chapter 31 Laboratory Detection of Muscle Injury
		Creatine kinase
		Aspartate aminotransferase
		Alanine aminotransferase
		Lactate dehydrogenase
		Cardiac biomarkers
		Myoglobinemia and myoglobinuria
	Chapter 32 Laboratory Evaluation of Lipids
		Dietary absorption of lipids
		Lipids present in the blood
		Measurement of lipids
		Hyperlipidemias
		Ketosis and ketoacidosis
		Hypolipidemias
	Chapter 33 Laboratory Evaluation of the Thyroid, Adrenal, and Pituitary Glands
		Clinical endocrinology
		Hyperthyroidism
		Hypothyroidism
		Adrenal gland disorders
		Pituitary disorders
		Diabetes insipidus
		Pituitary dwarfism and acromegaly
	Chapter 34 Parathyroid Glands and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolic Pathology
		General introduction
		Background on relevant laboratory tests
		Primary parathyroid disorders
		Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism
Section V Clinical Chemistry of Common Nondomestic Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, and Amphibians
	Chapter 35 Clinical Chemistry of Mammals: Laboratory Animals and Miscellaneous Species
		Sample collection and handling
		Rodents
		Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
		Ferrets (Mustelus putorius furo)
		Less common small mammal pets
	Chapter 36 Clinical Chemistry of Birds
		Sample collection and handling
		Reference intervals and decision levels
		Laboratory evaluation of the avian kidney
		Electrolytes and acid‐base balance
		Laboratory evaluation of the avian liver
		Laboratory evaluation of plasma and serum proteins
		Laboratory evaluation of glucose metabolism
		Laboratory evaluation of lipid metabolism
		Laboratory detection of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
		Laboratory detection of muscle injury
		Laboratory evaluation of endocrine disorders
	Chapter 37 Clinical Chemistry of Reptiles
		Sample collections and handling
		Laboratory evaluation of reptilian kidneys
		Electrolytes and acid‐base balance
		Calcium
		Phosphorus
		Laboratory evaluation of the reptilian liver
		Laboratory evaluation of plasma and serum proteins
		Laboratory evaluation of glucose metabolism
		Laboratory evaluation of lipid metabolism
		Laboratory detection of muscle injury
		Laboratory evaluation of endocrine disorders
	Chapter 38 Clinical Chemistry of Fish and Amphibians
		Fish
		Sample collection and handling
		Laboratory evaluation of the piscine kidney
		Laboratory evaluation of electrolytes and acid‐base balance
		Laboratory evaluation of branchial epithelium
		Laboratory evaluation of the piscine liver
		Laboratory evaluation of endocrine disorders
		Amphibians
Section VI Cytopathology of Common Domestic Animals
	Chapter 39 Cytology of Inflammation and Infectious Agents
		Inflammatory cell types
		Selected infectious agents
	Chapter 40 Cytology of Neoplasia
		Introduction
		Initial examination
		Benign vs. malignant
		Confounders in interpretation
		Prognosis
	Chapter 41 Cytology of Skin and Subcutaneous Masses
		Introduction
		Round cell neoplasms
		Epithelial cell tumors
		Neuroendocrine tumors
		Mesenchymal/spindle cell tumors
		Melanoma
		Histiocytic sarcoma
		Non‐neoplastic skin and subcutaneous lesions
	Chapter 42 Cytology of Body Cavity Effusions
		Sample preparation
		Fluid analysis
		Cell types found in effusions
		Effusion classifications and cytologic findings
	Chapter 43 Cytology of Synovial Fluid
		Parameters evaluated: normal and abnormal findings
		Cytologic evaluation
		Samples submitted and triage of samples of limited volume
		Abnormal synovial fluid cytology
	Chapter 44 Cytology of Abdominal Organs
		Liver
		Gall bladder
		Spleen
		Kidney
		Pancreas
		Adrenal gland
		Intestine
	Chapter 45 Cytology of Lymph Nodes
		Technique
		Identification of cell types and other lymphoid elements
		Interpretation of cytologic findings
Section VII Clinical Case Presentations
	Section 7 Clinical Case Presentations
		List of Abbreviations
		Interpretive discussion
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		Additional tests
		Interpretive discussion
		Summary and outcome
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		Biochemical profile (performed on Day 60)
		Serology and PCR
		Fecal examination
		Biochemical profile (performed on Day 1)
		Serology and PCR
		Fecal examination
		Serology and PCR
		Fecal examination
		Interpretive discussion
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		Biochemical profile (only abnormality is shown below)
		Interpretive discussion
		Summary and outcome
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		Urinalysis (Day 2)
		Interpretive discussion
		Summary and outcome
		Hematology
		Chemistry
		Summary and outcome
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		Urinalysis
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		Summary and comment
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		Imaging
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		Abdominal radiographs
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		Radiographs
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		Summary and follow‐up
		Comment
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		Additional tests
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		Radiographs
		Cytology
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Index
EULA