Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Campanian Volcanism

VESUVIUS, CAMPI FLEGREI, AND CAMPANIANVOLCANISM
Copyright
Contributors
Acknowledgments
1 - Introduction to Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Campanian Volcanism
2.- The contributions and influence of two Americans, Henry S. Washington and Frank A. Perret, to the study of Italian volcanis ...
	Henry Stephens Washington
		Introduction
	Publications before and including 1906
		On some Ischian trachytes, 1896
		Italian Petrological Sketches, 1896–97
		Some analyses of Italian volcanic rocks I and II, 1899–1900
		Cross, Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington, 1902
		The Roman Comagmatic Region, 1906
	Publications from 1906 to 1912
	Publications after joining the Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington
		Publications 1912 to 1919
		Publications 1920–1934
	Significance to Italian geology and petrology
	Stories and anecdotes
	Frank Alvord Perret
	Acknowledgments
	References
3 - Kinematics of the Tyrrhenian-Apennine system and implications for the origin of the Campanian magmatism
	Introduction
	Geological setting
		The Apennine Chain
		The Tyrrhenian Sea
	Evolution of the upper plate
	Reconstruction of the subducted lower plate
	Geometric evolution of the Ligurian-Ionian slab
		Methods
		Ligurian-Ionian slab evolution
	Conclusions and implication on the Campanian magmatism
	Acknowledgments
	References
4 - Lithosphere structural model of the Campania Plain
	Introduction
	Regional lithospheric models
		The lithosphere–asthenosphere system under the Campania Plain
		The geodynamical interpretation of the lithosphere–asthenosphere system model
	Crustal structure of the Campania Plain
		VS models of the Campania Plain
	Conclusions
	References
5 - Campania volcanoes: petrology, geochemistry, and geodynamic significance
	Introduction
	Structural setting of volcanism in the Italian peninsula
	A volcanological overview of the Campania Province
	Petrology and geochemistry of the Campania volcanoes
		Somma–Vesuvio
		Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields)
		Ischia
		Procida
	Petrogenesis of Campania magmas
		Large regional magma chambers beneath Campania
		Compositions of primary melts
		Nature of mantle sources and metasomatism
	Geodynamic implications
		A possible geodynamic scenario
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
6 -
Tracing magma evolution at Vesuvius volcano using melt inclusions: a review
	Geological background
	Magma evolution at Somma–Vesuvius volcano
	Melt inclusions
	Conclusions
	References
7  -
Magmatism of the Phlegrean Volcanic Fields as revealed by melt inclusions
	Introduction
	Geological outlines of the Phlegrean Volcanic District
	Description of melt and fluid inclusions found in the Phlegrean Volcanic District magmas
		Melt inclusions in the Phlegrean Volcanic District
		Fluid inclusions in the Phlegrean Volcanic District
	Insights about Phlegrean Volcanic District using melt inclusions
	Discussion on melt inclusion data
		Evolution of mafic melts
		Significance of more-evolved MIs from the PVD
	Concluding summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
8 - The 39 ka Campanian Ignimbrite eruption: new data on source area in the Campanian Plain
	Introduction
	Geostructural and geophysical outlines of Campanian Plain
	Materials and methods
		Geomorphological characteristics of the Campanian Plain
		Drilling stratigraphy in the southwestern margin of the Campanian Plain
		Methods used to determine the physical–mechanical parameters along vertical profiles defined by drilling
	Landscape changes resulting from the areal distribution of 39 ka CI units and 15 ka NYT in the Campanian Plain
	Volcanological setting of the Campanian Plain
	Stratigraphic features of Campanian Ignimbrite unit-1 and vertical welding patterns in the Giugliano area
	Transects of CI unit-1 in the N-CVZ
	Relationships between physical properties and welding intensity for Campanian Ignimbrite unit-1
		Giugliano area
		Other sectors of the northern Campanian volcanic zone
	Discussion
		The basal breccia
		Vertical welding patterns of the intermediate part in the Giugliano area
		The upper breccia
		The role of topography on Campanian Ignimbrite density current runout and formation of coignimbrite ash fall
			Emplacement history of CI unit-1 in N-CVZ
				Source of the Campanian Ignimbrite unit-1 ignimbrite
				Eruptive mechanisms
	Acknowledgments
	References
9  -
Effect of paleomorphology on facies distribution of the Campania Ignimbrite in the northern Campania Plain, southern Italy
	Introduction
	Study area
		Geological setting
		The Campania Ignimbrite
	Methods
	Results
		Pre-Campania Ignimbrite depositional surface
		The Campania Ignimbrite deposits
	Discussion
		Reconstruction of pre-39 ka Campania Ignimbrite environmental features of the Campania Plain
		Proximal and distal facies of Campania Ignimbrite
	Conclusive remarks
	Acknowledgments
	References
10 - Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrites: a review
	Introduction
	Summary of Campanian tectonic, thermophysical, and geochemical properties
		Tectonic framework
		Campanian magmatic system
		Campanian deposits
	Campanian Volcanic Zone computational petrology
		Computational approaches
		Selection of recent applications
			Eruption triggering mechanisms
				Volatile exsolution during fractional crystallization
				Volatile exsolution during decompression
			Sources of unrest
			Long-term patterns
			Crustal contamination
	Concluding remarks
	Acknowledgments
	References
11 - The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption as the source of the Campi Flegrei caldera
	Introduction
	Separate sources for the Campanian Ignimbrite and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff
	The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera
	Distribution and alteration of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff
	Caldera resurgence
		Marine surveys in the Bay of Pozzuoli
		Borehole data in the subaerial part of the caldera
	Onshore geomorphology of Campi Flegrei
	Postcaldera volcanic activity
	Discussion
		Formation of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera
		Caldera resurgence and intracaldera eruptions
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
	A: supplementary data
12  -
Space-time evolution of an active volcanic field in an extentional region: the example of the Campania margin (eastern Tyrr ...
	Introduction
	Tectonics
	Volcanism
	Link between extensional faulting and volcanism
	Space-time evolution of tectonic and volcanic systems
	References
13 -
 Petrologic experimental data on Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei magmatism: a review
	Introduction
	Phase equilibrium studies and applications
		Mafic magmas–Vesuvius
		Evolved Vesuvius magmas
		Campi Flegrei
	Volatile studies
		General Considerations
		Vesuvius
			Water and CO2
			Water and chlorine
			Chlorine and sulfur
			Fluorine
		Campi Flegrei
			Water and CO2
			Chlorine
			Mixed fluids and future needs
	Acknowledgments
	References
14 - Hydrothermal versus magmatic: geochemical views and clues into the unrest dilemma at Campi Flegrei
	Introduction
	The origin of the Campi Flegrei caldera hydrothermal system
	Fluid geochemistry of the actively degassing area: Solfatara and Pisciarelli fumarole data and interpretations
		Geochemistry of the Solfatara–Pisciarelli fumaroles: same data but contrasting interpretations
		Thermochemistry of the actively degassing Campi Flegrei caldera hydrothermal system
	Discussion
		Fumaroles in the structure of the Campi Flegrei caldera hydrothermal system
		Geochemical models and unrest
	Conclusions and perspectives
	Acknowledgments
	References
15 - Ground movement (bradyseism) in the Campi Flegrei volcanic area: a review
	Introduction
		Geologic setting at Campi Flegrei
		Volcanism at Campi Flegrei volcanic district
	Bradyseism at Campi Flegrei
	Models for ground movements at Campi Flegrei
		Hydrothermal activity at Campi Flegrei
	Thermodynamic model for ground movements at Campi Flegrei
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
16 - The holocene marine record of unrest, volcanism, and hydrothermal activity of Campi Flegrei and Somma–Vesuvius
	Introduction
	Geological setting
		Campi Flegrei
		Somma–Vesuvius
	Data and methods
	Volcanic and hydrothermal features off the Naples Bay
		Seafloor morphology of Naples Bay
			Pozzuoli Bay
			Somma–Vesuvius offshore
			Montagna bank
		Seismic imaging of submerged volcanic, hydrothermal, and sedimentary features
			The offshore stratigraphic architecture of the Campi Flegrei caldera
			Pyroclastic flow deposits offshore vesuvius: the herculaneum sand waves field
			Degassing features and soft-sediment deformation: the diapirs field of montagna bank
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
17 - Volcanological risk associated with Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei
	Introduction
	The eruptive history of Somma–Vesuvius
	Flow hazard at vesuvius: The Red Zone of the emergency plan of Italian Department of Civil Protection
	Suggestions for some criteria for the definition of Red Zone at Somma–Vesuvius
	Campi Flegrei
	Are we moving toward a third postcaldera volcanic period at Campi Flegrei?
	Implications for hazard at Campi Flegrei
	Concluding comments on Somma–Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei red zones
	References
Index