Vedic Cosmology and Ethics: Selected Studies

Contents
Foreword
Editors’ preface
Abbreviations (Texts)
Introductory Article
	Chapter 1. The Hindu Doctrine of Transmigration: Its Origin and Background
		1. Terminology
			1.1. karman
			1.2. Return and Rebirth (punarjanman)
			1.3. mokṣa
		2. Ideological Framework
		3. Textual Evidence
Part 1. Yonder World
	Chapter 2. Der Vers vicakṣaṇād ṛtavo … (JB 1, 18; 1, 50; KauṣU 1, 2)
	Chapter 3. Gab es damals auch dyumnas? Die Weltentstehung nach dem Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa
	Chapter 4. The Waters in Vedic Cosmic Classifications
	Chapter 5. The Fourth Priest (the Brahmán) in Vedic Ritual
		1. The Brahmán as the Fourth Item
		2. Silence
		3. The Brahmán and the South
		4. Complete Knowledge
		5. Expiations
		6. Conclusion
	Chapter 6. Yama’s Second Boon in the Kaṭha Upaniṣad
	Chapter 7. Reaching Immortality According to the First Anuvāka of the Jaiminīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa
	Chapter 8. Life after Death in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
	Chapter 9. The pañcāgnividyā and the pitṛyāna/devayāna
		1. Connection with the Agnihotra
		2. The Kṣatriya Motif
		3. The pañcāgnividyā
		4. The Journey to Heaven
		5. The Separation of the devayāna and the pitṛyāna
		6. The Ultimate Situation of the One Who Follows the devayāna
	Chapter 10. Redeath and Its Relation to Rebirth and Release
	Chapter 11. Yonder World in the Atharvaveda
		1. Hell
		2. Destination of Unfavourable Persons or Items
		3. Rivals and Enemies
		4. Return of the Deceased or Almost Deceased
	Chapter 12. Pits, Pitfalls and the Underworld in the Veda
	Chapter 13. Distance and Death in the Veda
		1. Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
		2. Atharvaveda Saṁhitā
		3. Yajurveda Saṁhitā and Vedic Prose
		4. Evidence from the Ṛgveda and Atharvaveda Saṁhitā
			4.1. Sinners (Hell)
			4.2. Rivals (Underworld or Hell)
			4.3. Ordinary People and Pitṛs (Underworld)
	Chapter 14. Classifications and Yonder World in the Veda
		1. The Quarters of Space
			1.1. East and West
			1.2. South and North
			1.3. The Quarters of Space and the Classes
			1.4. More Than Four Quarters of Space
		2. The Cosmic Classifications of the Worlds
			2.1. The Sevenfold Classification
			2.2. The Fourfold/Fivefold Classification
			2.3. The Waters as Fourth or Fifth World
			2.4. Cosmic and Microcosmic Identifications
			2.5. Varuṇa’s Waters and the Fourth World
			2.6. The Dhur Verses and the Cosmic Classification
		3. Synthesis. The World of Death
			3.1. The South and the Fourth World
			3.2. Varuṇa, the West, the Waters and the Fourth World
			3.3. The North and the Fourth World
			3.4. The Darker Side of the Pitṛs
	Chapter 15. Citra’s Questions in KauṣU 1, 1
	Chapter 16. Uddālaka’s Teaching in Chāndogya Upaniṣad 6, 8–16
	Chapter 17. The Dark and Deep Underworld in the Veda
		1. Demons and Diseases
		2. Sinners
		3. Rivals and Enemies
		4. Ignorant Persons
		5. Ancestors and Diseased Relatives or Clients
		6. Conclusions and General Observations
Part 2. Vices and Virtues
	Chapter 18. Sukṛtá and Sacrifice
	Chapter 19. Non-ritual kárman in the Veda
	Chapter 20. Vedic aghám: Evil or Sin, Distress or Death?
		1. The Dictionaries
		2. The Concept of Sin in Connection with aghám
		3. The Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
		4. The Atharvaveda Saṁhitā
			4.1. Evil or Harm
			4.2. Distress or Mourning
			4.3. Lamenting the Departure of the Bride
			4.4. Compounds with aghá
			4.5. Conclusion
		5. Vedic aghám: Sin?
		6. The Grave-Mound in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
		7. Post-Vedic agham
			7.1. agham with the Verb bhoj (BhG 3, 13 and Manu 3, 118)
			7.2. The Aghamarṣaṇa Ceremony
			7.3. The Compounds anagha and niragha
		8. Conclusion
	Chapter 21. The Vedic Concepts ā́gas and énas
		1. Introduction
		2. ā́gas and énas in the Dictionaries
			2.1. ā́gas
			2.2. énas
		3. Vedic ā́gas after the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
			3.1. ā́gas in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
			3.2. ā́gas in the Atharvaveda Saṁhitā
		4. ā́gas in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
			4.1. Self-Committed ā́gas
			4.2. Missing Indications of Self-Committed ā́gas
			4.3. Actions against ā́gas
		5. Gonda’s Views on ā́gas and ánāgas in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
		6. énas in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
			6.1. The Verb kar Used with énas
			6.2. Other Verbs Used with énas
		7. énas in the Atharvaveda (Śaunaka)
			7.1. The Verb kar Used with énas
			7.2. Other Verbs Used with énas
			7.3. The Result of énas (Sin) Caused by Not Giving a Cow to the Brahmins
		8. enas in the Atharvaveda (Paippalāda)
			8.1. The Verb kar Used with enas
			8.2. Other Verbs Used with enas
		9. énas in the Yajurveda Saṁhitās
			9.1. The énas Which is devákṛtam
			9.2. Committed énas
			9.3. énas (Evil) Produced (kṛtám) by Oneself or by Others
		10. énas in the Brāhmaṇas
		11. Conclusion
	Chapter 22. Sins and Vices: Their Enumerations and Specifications in the Veda
		1. The Seven indriyāṇi in GB 1, 2, 2
		2. The Six pāpmānas in JB 1, 98 and 2, 363
		3. Six pāpmā́nas in AV 11, 8, 19
		4. Fifteen doṣas in ĀpDhS 1, (8)23, 5
		5. Two Types of Evils and Vices in MaiU 3, 5
		6. The Six Vices in Post-Vedic Texts
		7. Two Types of vyasanāni in Manu 7, 45ff.
		8. The Four (or Five) Major Sins According to ChU 5, 10, 9 and Dharma Texts
		9. Eight Types of Sinners in MS 4, 1, 9 and TB 3, 2, 8, 12
		10. Major Sins
			10.1. Killing or Murder
			10.2. Stealing
			10.3. Drinking Liquor
			10.4. Illicit Sexual Intercourse
		11. Conclusion
	Chapter 23. Vedic Terms Denoting Virtues and Merits
		1. The Merit of sukṛtám
			1.1. What Has to Be Done for Obtaining Merit (sukṛtám) and by Whom?
			1.2. The Non-sacrificial sukṛtám
			1.3. The Role of the Yajamāna as the sukṛ́t
			1.4. The sukṛtam in Late Vedic Texts
		2. The Merit of púṇyam
			2.1. puṇyam = sukṛtam and pāpam = duṣkṛtam
			2.2. The loka Obtained by puṇyam
			2.3. The Persons Who Are Called puṇya
			2.4. What Is the puṇyam Done by the Meritorious?
		3. What Are the Qualifications for Life after Death in Heaven?
			3.1. Obtaining Heaven in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā
			3.2. Qualifications for Heaven in the Atharvaveda Saṁhitā
			3.3. How Is Heaven to Be Obtained in Vedic Prose Texts?
		4. Vedic, Late-Vedic, Post-Vedic and Non-Vedic Lists of Virtues or Rules of Life
		5. Conclusions
Appendix 1. The Verse vicakṣaṇād ṛtavo … (JB 1, 18; 1, 50; KauṣU 1, 2)
Appendix 2. Were There Any dyumnas at the Time? Cosmogony According to the Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa
References
Index of Authors
Index of Textplaces
General Index