Utilization of Geospatial Information in Daily Life: Expression and Analysis of Dynamic Life Activity

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Fundamentals and Applications of Geospatial Information
	1.1 Geospatial Information
		1.1.1 Use of Geospatial Information
		1.1.2 Coordinates of the Earth
		1.1.3 Geodetic System of Japan
		1.1.4 Surveying and Positioning
	1.2 Utilization in Various Fields
		1.2.1 Utilization in Urban Facilities and Land Management
		1.2.2 Utilization in Transportation Systems and Moving Objects
		1.2.3 Use in Crime Prevention
		1.2.4 Utilization in Health and Medical Care
		1.2.5 Utilization in Disasters
		1.2.6 Applications in Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine Management
		1.2.7 Application in Behavior, Ecology, and Cultural Property Survey
	Reference
Part I: Expression of Geospatial Information
	Chapter 2: Base Map Development and Surveying in Japan
		2.1 Modern Surveying by National Agencies in Japan
		2.2 Surveying Latitude, Longitude, and Elevation in Japan
		2.3 Development of Surveying Technology and Satellites in Japan
		2.4 GSI Maps: Digitization of Topographic Maps and Web-Based Applications
		2.5 Web-Based Map Services and Utilization of Old Japanese Maps
		2.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 3: Various Representations and Processing Techniques of Geospatial Information: Appropriate Control of Big Data Behind
		3.1 Basic Representation of Geospatial Information
			3.1.1 Graphics and Attributes
			3.1.2 Overlaying by Layers
			3.1.3 Software to Operate Geospatial Information
		3.2 Processing Technology for Geospatial Information
			3.2.1 Processing Technology
			3.2.2 Search Technology
			3.2.3 Metadata Creation Technologies for the Web
			3.2.4 Map Tiling Technology for the Web
		3.3 Representation of Moving Objects Including Time and International Standardization
			3.3.1 What Is Spatio-Temporal Information?
			3.3.2 Large-Scale Data Processing Technology
			3.3.3 Standardization of Geospatial Information
		3.4 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Mobile Communications and Positioning
	Chapter 4: Ground-Based and Space-Based Positioning
		4.1 Satellite-Based Positioning
			4.1.1 History of Radio Navigation
			4.1.2 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
			4.1.3 Corrective Positioning
			4.1.4 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
		4.2 Ground-Based Positioning
			4.2.1 Types of Wireless Positioning
			4.2.2 Wireless Positioning Applications
			4.2.3 Dead Reckoning (xDR)
			4.2.4 Indoor Positioning
		References
	Chapter 5: Observation from Space: Remote Sensing
		5.1 What Is Remote Sensing?
			5.1.1 Satellite Remote Sensing
			5.1.2 History of Remote Sensing
		5.2 Earth Observation Satellite
			5.2.1 Sensor Type
			5.2.2 Orbits of Earth Observation Satellites
			5.2.3 Application Fields of Remote Sensing
		5.3 New Era of Satellite Remote Sensing
			5.3.1 New Business Through Remote Sensing Technology
			5.3.2 Use of Small Satellites
			5.3.3 Satellite Constellation
		5.4 Summary
Part III: Utilization of Geospatial Information in Daily Life
	Chapter 6: Applications in Urban Facility and Land Management: From Urban Facility Management to Smart Cities
		6.1 Urban Facility Management Starting from Underground Facilities
			6.1.1 History Starting from Gas Explosion
			6.1.2 Road Management Information
			6.1.3 Data on Various Urban Facilities
		6.2 To Grasp Buildings and Land
			6.2.1 Understanding Property Taxes
			6.2.2 For Transparency and Revitalization of Real Estate Transactions
			6.2.3 Understanding the Age of Buildings for Disaster Prevention
		6.3 For Urban Planning
			6.3.1 Basic Urban Planning Survey
			6.3.2 For Solving Various Urban Issues
			6.3.3 Sharing City Data Between Citizens and Officials
		6.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7: Applications in Transportation Systems and Mobile Devices: Capturing the Movement of People
		7.1 Use in Transportation Systems
			7.1.1 Use in Road Transportation Systems
			7.1.2 Use in Railroad Systems
			7.1.3 Use in Bus Systems
		7.2 Use in the Flow of People
			7.2.1 Reproduction of People Flow in Urban Areas Using Person Trip Survey Data
			7.2.2 Utilization of GPS and Base Station Usage Data of Mobile Terminals
			7.2.3 The Suica Incident and the Concept of Personal Information
			7.2.4 Positioning of Location Information
			7.2.5 For Proactive Use
		7.3 Future People Mobility and Transportation Systems
			7.3.1 MaaS System Using Smart Phones
			7.3.2 Automated Driving and High-Precision Maps
			7.3.3 People Mobility and Behavior Change
		7.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8: Applications in Crime Prevention
		8.1 A Brief History of the Use of Maps in Crime Research
			8.1.1 Crime Mapping
			8.1.2 Introduction of Computers into Crime Analysis
			8.1.3 Applications for Safety and Security of Neighborhood Communities
		8.2 Various Applications of Geospatial Information in Crime Prevention
			8.2.1 Visualization of Crime Occurrence
			8.2.2 Environmental Factors Related to Crime Risk
			8.2.3 Geographic Crime Prediction
		8.3 Summary
		References
	Chapter 9: Applications in Health and Healthcare
		9.1 Spatial Distribution of Diseases
			9.1.1 Disease Maps
			9.1.2 Spatial Diffusion of Disease
			9.1.3 Spatial Surveillance of Disease
		9.2 Locations of Healthcare Facilities and Services
			9.2.1 Demand Prediction for Healthcare Facilities and Services
			9.2.2 Accessibility to Healthcare Facilities and Services
		9.3 Human Health and Environments
			9.3.1 Potential Associations Between Human Health and Environments
			9.3.2 Physical Environments and Health
			9.3.3 Broader Concept of the Living Environments and Health
		9.4 Summary
		References
	Chapter 10: Application in Times of Disaster: Through the Great Hanshin Earthquake, the Great East Japan Earthquake, and COVID...
		10.1 Lessons from the Great Hanshin Earthquake
			10.1.1 Geographic Information Utilization in Disasters Has Begun in Earnest
			10.1.2 Government System in Place
		10.2 The Great East Japan Earthquake
			10.2.1 Emergency Phase
			10.2.2 Recovery Phase
			10.2.3 Preservation of Long-Term Memories
		10.3 Preparing for COVID-19 and Future Catastrophes
			10.3.1 Utilization of Human Flow in COVID-19
			10.3.2 Improvement of Measurement Technology for Natural Disasters
			10.3.3 Improvement of Simulation Technology
		10.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Utilization in Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine Management
		11.1 Agriculture
			11.1.1 Growth Monitoring
			11.1.2 Orchards and Golf Courses
		11.2 Forestry
			11.2.1 Forest Monitoring
			11.2.2 Bamboo Forest
		11.3 Maritimes Management
			11.3.1 Vessel Monitoring
			11.3.2 Coral Reefs
			11.3.3 Fish Group Exploration
		11.4 Summary
	Chapter 12: Utilization in Behavior, Ecology, and Cultural Property Surveys
		12.1 Mobile Sensing
			12.1.1 Mobile Computing
			12.1.2 Human Sensing
			12.1.3 Human Probes
		12.2 Biologging
			12.2.1 Recording Wildlife Information
			12.2.2 Data logger
			12.2.3 Biologging on Land, in the Sea, and Air
		12.3 Use of Geospatial Information in Cultural Property Surveys
			12.3.1 Measured Drawings of Archaeological Remains
			12.3.2 Various Surveying and GIS
		References
	Chapter 13: International Applications
		13.1 Global Issues
			13.1.1 SDGs and Space Technologies
			13.1.2 Global Warming
			13.1.3 Climate Change
			13.1.4 COVID-19
			13.1.5 Forest Fires
			13.1.6 Malaria
		13.2 International Cooperation in Times of Disaster
			13.2.1 International Disaster Charter
			13.2.2 Sentinel Asia
		13.3 Summary
		References
Part IV: Open Data and Personal Data in the Use of Geospatial Information
	Chapter 14: The Advent of a Participatory Data Society and the Usage of Open Data
		14.1 Data Sharing Through User Participation
			14.1.1 Crowdsourcing
			14.1.2 Participatory Mapping
			14.1.3 Volunteered Geographic Information
		14.2 Grassroots Sharing and Practice of Geospatial Information
			14.2.1 OpenStreetMap
			14.2.2 Crisis Mapping Activity
			14.2.3 Mapillary: Web-Based Service for Sharing Street Landscape Images
		14.3 Open Data and Geospatial Information
			14.3.1 Open Data and Utilization for Geospatial Information
			14.3.2 Utilization of Data Through Citizen Collaboration for Open Government
		14.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 15: Future Geospatial Information in Harmony with Advanced Technology and Human Life
		15.1 Various Advanced Measurement Technologies
			15.1.1 Sophistication of Measurement and Control from the Air
			15.1.2 Advancement of Ground-Based Measurement and Control
			15.1.3 Measurement of People´s Behavior
		15.2 Diffusion of Artificial Intelligence Technology and Beyond
			15.2.1 Breakthroughs in Deep Learning and the Importance of Data
			15.2.2 Pseudo Data Generation (Fake Data) Using GAN
			15.2.3 Toward a Truly Collaborative Society that Raises the Awareness of Citizens
		15.3 For the Betterment of Society
		15.4 Conclusion
		References