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دانلود کتاب User Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving

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User Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving

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User Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving

دسته بندی: سایبرنتیک: هوش مصنوعی
ویرایش:  
نویسندگان: , ,   
سری: Studies in Computational Intelligence, 980 
ISBN (شابک) : 3030777251, 9783030777258 
ناشر: Springer 
سال نشر: 2021 
تعداد صفحات: 602 
زبان: English 
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) 
حجم فایل: 10 مگابایت 

قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 49,000



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فهرست مطالب

Preface: Why is UX Design Different in Automated Driving?
	Motivation and Idea
		Problems in the Understanding
	Aim and Organization of the Book
		Fundamentals of User Experience Design for Automated Driving
		User Experience Design Methods and Methodologies
		User Interfaces and User Interactions in Automated Vehicles
	Summary
	Reference
Acknowledgments
Contents
Fundamentals of User Experience Design for Automated Driving
Automation, Situation Awareness and Mental Workload
	1 Introduction
	2 Levels of Automation
	3 Challenges in Human-Automation Interaction
	4 Situation Awareness
		4.1 What Is Situation Awareness?
		4.2 Situation Awareness as Comprehension Process
	5 Effects of Driving Automation on Situation Comprehension
		5.1 Effects of Working Memory Load on Situation Comprehension
		5.2 The Enhancement of Situation Comprehension Due to Lower Mental Workload with Automation
		5.3 Driving Automation and the “Out-of-the-Loop Performance” Problem
		5.4 Vigilance-Related Impairments on Situation Comprehension and Motivational Factors
		5.5 The Impairment in Situation Awareness Due to Changes in Cognitive Processes
	6 Conclusions
	References
Trust in Automated Vehicles
	1 Human–Human Trust
		1.1 Characteristics of Trustor
		1.2 Characteristics of Trustee
		1.3 Type of Relationship
	2 Trust in Automation
		2.1 Models of Trust in Automation
		2.2 Technology Acceptance Models
		2.3 Trust in Automation Models
		2.4 Measurement of Trust in Automation
		2.5 Self-Report Measures of Trust in Automation
		2.6 Behavioral Measures of Trust in Automation
	3 Trust in Automated Driving
		3.1 Measurement Development
		3.2 Characterization of Trust Dynamics in Automated Driving
		3.3 Aids for Trust Calibration
		3.4 Areas for Future Work
		3.5 Trust Development
		3.6 Trust as an Influence on Interaction
	4 Conclusion
	References
Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles: An Overview of User-Specific, Car-Specific and Contextual Determinants
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Public Perception of Autonomous Vehicles
		1.2 Definition of Acceptance
	2 Theoretical Foundations of Autonomous Vehicle Acceptance
		2.1 The Evolution of Technology Acceptance Models
		2.2 Acceptance Models for Autonomous Vehicles
		2.3 Towards More Holistic Models of Acceptance
		2.4 Conclusion
	3 Empirical Evidence: Key Determinants of Autonomous Vehicle Acceptance
		3.1 User-Specific Determinants
		3.2 Car-Specific Determinants
		3.3 Contextual Determinants
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Driver Emotions in Automated Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Studies on Emotions and Driving Behaviors
	3 Automated Vehicles and Levels of Automation
	4 Driver Emotions in Automated Driving
	5 Emotion Regulation Model and Strategies
		5.1 Emotion Regulation: The Process Model
		5.2 Other Emotion Regulation Strategies
	6 Remaining Challenges and Opportunities
	7 Conclusion
	References
Ethical Issues in Automated Driving—Opportunities, Dangers, and Obligations
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Death and Injury in Traffic Today
		1.2 Are Automated Vehicles Safer?
		1.3 AVs Will Get into a Lot Fewer Accidents
	2 Ethical Issues
		2.1 Moral Agency
		2.2 Societal Consequences
	3 Conclusion
	References
The Problem of Motion Sickness and Its Implications for Automated Driving
	1 Motion Sickness
		1.1 Motion Perception
		1.2 Theories of Motion Sickness
		1.3 Methods to Induce Motion Sickness
		1.4 Measuring Motion Sickness
	2 Determinants of Motion Sickness
		2.1 Vestibular Stimulation
		2.2 Visual-Vestibular Stimulation
		2.3 Olfactory Stimulation
		2.4 Interindividual Differences
		2.5 Control
	3 Preventing Motion Sickness in Automated Driving
		3.1 Modifying Passenger Variables
		3.2 Vehicle Design
	References
Assessment and Profiling of Driving Style and Skills
	1 Introduction
	2 Definition of Driving Styles
		2.1 Correlates of Driving Styles
	3 Assessment of Driving Styles
		3.1 Self-Report Instruments
		3.2 Behavior Recording
	4 Evaluation of Driving Skills and Driving Styles Using a Driving Simulator and Self-Reporting
		4.1 Step 1: Self-Reporting
		4.2 Step 2: Driving Session in a Simulator
		4.3 Step 3: Data Analysis
	5 Conclusion: Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Evaluation Methods
	References
User Experience Design Methods and Methodologies
Evaluating Automated Vehicle Human–Machine Interfaces and the Relationship Between Preference and Performance Measures
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Human Factors Challenges for Automated Driving
		2.2 Methodological Aspects of Automated Vehicle HMI Evaluation
	3 Study Summaries
		3.1 Quality Criteria of Self-Report Measures
		3.2 Development of Behavioral Measures, Mental Models and the Effect of Feedback
		3.3 User Education in Automated Driving
	4 Discussion and Implications of Method Development
		4.1 Overall Findings
		4.2 Theoretical Implications
		4.3 Attitude-Behavior Formation and Development in Automated Driving
		4.4 Potential to Explain Preference-Performance Dissociations
		4.5 Practical Application
		4.6 Operationalization of Preference
		4.7 Operationalization of Mental Models
		4.8 Operationalization of Performance
		4.9 Variating Factors in Study Design
		4.10 Transfer to Related Domains
		4.11 Methodological Considerations
	5 Future Research
	References
Novel User Experiences and Human Centered Development in Vehicle Design
	1 Change Drivers for the Mobility Industry
	2 State of the Art—How Do We Develop Vehicles Today?
		2.1 Vehicle Development Processes
		2.2 Are the Existing Methods All We Need?
	3 Non-driving Related Tasks in Automated Driving
	4 Match UT—Matching Use Cases and Technologies
		4.1 Match UT: Use Cases and Requirements
		4.2 Empiric Acquisition of Requirements with Focus Groups
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Match UT: Technologies and Technology Impacts
		4.5 Future Work
		4.6 Summary
	5 The X-Model: User Experience Based Design of Products
	6 Finding the “Cherry on Top” of Use Case Based Vehicle Concepts
	References
The ``DAUX Framework\'\': A Need-Centered Development Approach to Promote Positive User Experience in the Development of Driving Automation
	1 Motivation
		1.1 The Potential and Challenges of UX Design
		1.2 Special Characteristics of UX in Driving Automation
	2 State-of-the-Art of UX Practice
		2.1 UX Studies in Academia
		2.2 UX Studies in Industry
		2.3 Insights from the State-of-the Art of UX Practice
	3 The ``DAUX Framework\'\': A Need-Centered Development Approach
		3.1 The Idea of the Framework
		3.2 Instruction for Use
	4 Case Studies
		4.1 SAE L2: ``In UX We Trust\'\'
		4.2 SAE L3: ``ATHENA\'\'
		4.3 SAE L4/5: ``Driving Hotzenplotz\'\'
		4.4 Insights from the Case Studies
	5 Conclusion
	References
UX Design for Automated Driving: Industry Perspective
	1 The Driving Experience of Automated Vehicles
	2 UX Design and Active Participation
	3 Participatory Design and Co-design
	4 Limitations in the Automotive Industry
	5 Data Needs in Automotive UX Design
	6 Methods of Choice for the Industry
	7 Methods Not up to Scratch
	8 Design Processes
	9 Adoption of New Design Methods and Tools in the Automotive
		9.1 Facial Expressions
		9.2 Interviewing Tools
		9.3 Identifying Behavioral Patterns
	10 Discussion
		10.1 Contextual Data of Automated Vehicle Experiences
		10.2 The Need for Change in Processes and Methods
		10.3 Not all Methods are Useful for Automated Vehicle Experiences
		10.4 Limitations of the Studies and Direction for Future Work
	References
Attentive User Interfaces: Adaptive Interfaces that Monitor and Manage Driver Attention
	1 Background
		1.1 Conceptualizations of Attentive User Interfaces
		1.2 Workload, Arousal, and Attention
	2 Monitoring Attention
	3 Adapting to Manage Attention
		3.1 Overview of Strategies Used in Attentive User Interfaces in Driving
	4 Research on Attentive User Interfaces in Automated Vehicles
		4.1 Optimizing Attentional Demand
		4.2 Reorienting Attention
		4.3 Implications and Future Work
	5 Conclusions
	References
UX Research and Sonic Interaction: Towards Human-Centric and Intuitive Sound Interaction Design in the Context of Autonomous Driving
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Methods and Chapter Structure
	2 Sound as an “After-Thought”—The Classic Approach to Sound Interaction Design
		2.1 Shifting the Focus: From Safety to Enhancing User Experience
		2.2 Emerging Social Contexts: A Future Focused UX Sound Design
		2.3 ‘Designing for Silence’
	3 The Methodological Challenges: Intuitiveness
		3.1 Sensory Ethnography and Soundwalk
		3.2 Participatory Approaches to Sound Design
	4 The Future of Sound Interaction Design
	5 Conclusion
	References
Driving Style Recognition Based on Naturalistic Driving: Volatilities, Decision-Making, and Safety Performances
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivations
		1.2 Aims of This Study
		1.3 Typical Dimensions of Driving styles
		1.4 Applications of Driving style Recognition Studies
	2 Naturalistic Driving Data Extraction
		2.1 Typical Data Resources
		2.2 Basic Driving Behavior Indicators
		2.3 Driving Volatility Indicators
		2.4 Surrogate Safety Indicators
	3 Volatility Based Driving Style Recognition
		3.1 Motivations
		3.2 Data Samples
		3.3 Cluster Analysis of Driving volatilities Incorporating Road Types
		3.4 Results and Discussions
	4 Decision Based Driving Style Recognition
		4.1 Motivation
		4.2 Fuzzy Logic Based Decision-Making Model
		4.3 Driving style Recognition Based on Decision-Making Parameters
		4.4 Results and Discussions
	5 Safety Based Driving Style Recognition
		5.1 Driving Style and Safety Performance
		5.2 Safety Based Driving style Recognition
		5.3 Comparison of Different Driving style Recognition Approaches
	6 Conclusions
		6.1 Comparison of Three Approaches
		6.2 Contributions
		6.3 Limitations
	References
User Interfaces and User Interactions in Automated Vehicles
Multimodal Displays for Takeover Requests
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Foundations
		2.1 Working Memory Model
		2.2 Multiple Resource Theory
	3 Current Multimodal Design Implementations in Commercial Automobiles
		3.1 Asian OEMs
		3.2 European OEMs
		3.3 North-American OEMs
	4 Selected Studies on In-Vehicle Multimodal Takeover Displays
		4.1 Visual Displays
		4.2 Auditory Displays
		4.3 Haptic (Vibrotactile) Display
		4.4 Multimodal Display
	5 Challenges and Aspects to Be Considered in Designing Multimodal Displays for TOR in Automated Vehicles
		5.1 Not All TOR Situations Are Identical
		5.2 Less Could Be Better Sometimes
		5.3 Less Driving Duty in Vehicle, More Drama Involved?
	References
Infotainment (Displays & Controls) I: Haptics/Ultrasound
	1 Introduction
	2 Haptic Perception and Properties
	3 Haptics in Driving
		3.1 Physical Controls
		3.2 Touchscreens
		3.3 Gestures
	4 Mid-Air Haptics Using Ultrasound
		4.1 Current Challenges with Mid-Air Ultrasound Haptics
	5 Future Scope and Potential for Haptics and Mid-Air Ultrasound
		5.1 Hygiene
		5.2 Trust
		5.3 Spatial Sound
	6 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality Passenger Experiences
	1 The Changing Reality of the Passenger Experience
		1.1 The Existing Reality: In-Vehicle Displays
	2 The New (Mixed) Reality: Immersion, Limitless Display Spaces, and Privacy
	3 Challenges and Impediments to Passenger MR Use in Vehicles
	4 Functional Impediments to MR Usage In-Motion
		4.1 Maintaining a Forward Bearing in a Moving World
		4.2 Physical Crash Safety
		4.3 Motion Sickness
	5 Impediments to Acceptance and Adoption
		5.1 Acceptable Use in Shared Transit
		5.2 Interaction in Constrained Spaces
		5.3 Supporting Shared Experiences
		5.4 Exploiting Vehicle Motion and Context for Presence and Immersive Experiences
	6 The Potential Impacts of Passenger MR
	References
Inception of Perception—Augmented Reality in Virtual Reality: Prototyping Human–Machine Interfaces for Automated Driving
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Driving Simulators
		2.2 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
		2.3 Automotive AR Windshield Displays Concepts
		2.4 AR to Improve In-Vehicle User Experience
		2.5 AR to Calibrate Trust in Automated Driving
		2.6 AR to Support Take Over Requests (TORs)
	3 VR Driving Simulator Using Unity and 360-Degree Driving Videos
	4 Design Concepts for Blending Driving Information into an NDRT
		4.1 Certainty-Aware Tinting Windshield
		4.2 Intention-Aware Moving Display
	5 Methodology
		5.1 Participants
		5.2 Study Design and Apparatus
		5.3 Procedure
	6 Findings
		6.1 Certainty-Aware Tinting Windshield
		6.2 Intention-Aware Moving Display
		6.3 Design Concepts Combined and Hazard Perception
	7 Discussion
		7.1 Human Factors
		7.2 Limitations
	8 Learnt Prototyping Lessons
		8.1 Best Way for Low-Fidelity Prototyping
		8.2 Best Way for Medium-Fidelity Prototyping
		8.3 Best Way for High-Fidelity World-Fixed AR Prototyping
	9 Conclusion
	References
In-Situ Analysis of Behavior Patterns and User Experience of Automated Shuttle Bus Users
	1 Introduction
	2 Acceptance, Trust, and User Experience of Automated Vehicles
		2.1 User Acceptance
		2.2 Trust
		2.3 User Experience
		2.4 Passengers\' Perspectives on Automated Shuttle Buses
		2.5 Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users
		2.6 Summary and Research Questions
	3 Study A: Automated Shuttle Buses from the Passengers\' Perspective
		3.1 Method and Hypotheses
		3.2 Participants and Procedure
		3.3 Results
		3.4 Discussion
	4 Study B: Automated Shuttle Buses from the Perspective of VRUs
		4.1 Method and Research Questions
		4.2 Participants and Procedure
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Discussion
	5 Overall Findings
	6 Limitations and Future Work
	7 Conclusion
	References
Interactions of Automated Vehicles with Road Users
	1 Introduction
	2 Breaking Down Interactions with Other Road Users
		2.1 Current Traffic Situations
		2.2 Interactions with Automated Vehicles
		2.3 Acceptance of AVs
		2.4 Vehicle Appearance and Perception of Automated Driving Capability
		2.5 Designing for AV-RU Communication
	3 Use Cases of Interactions
		3.1 Four Way Stops (Cyclists, Drivers of Conventional Vehicles)
		3.2 Uncontrolled Crosswalks (Pedestrians, Cyclists)
		3.3 Controlled Crosswalks (Pedestrians, Cyclists)
		3.4 Open Roads (Pedestrians, Cyclists)
		3.5 Turning into Another Road: Showing Situational Awareness (Pedestrians, Cyclists)
		3.6 Turning into Another Road: Relinquishing Right of Way (Drivers of Conventional Vehicles)
		3.7 Open Spaces and Parking Lots (Pedestrians, Cyclists, Drivers of Conventional Vehicles)
		3.8 Overtaking and Merging (Drivers of Conventional Vehicles)
		3.9 Roundabouts (Pedestrians, Cyclists)
		3.10 Car is at Rest (Pedestrians, Cyclists, Drivers of Conventional Vehicles)
		3.11 Emergency Vehicle Interaction (Drivers of Conventional Vehicles)
		3.12 Switching Driving Modes/Automated Driving Status (Pedestrians, Cyclists)
		3.13 Additional Situations that May Call for Explicit Communication
		3.14 Acknowledgements and Social Communication
	4 Considerations Behind Effective eHMI Design
		4.1 Human Factors of Displays
		4.2 Task Requirements
		4.3 Modalities of Visual Communication
		4.4 Principles of Display Design as Applied to Existing eHMIs
	5 Conclusion
	References
Index




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