Usability Engineering

Copyright
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Contents v
Preface ix
-  Audience IX
-  Teaching Usability Engineering Xl
-  Acknowledgments Xlli
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1. Executive Summary 1
-  1.1 Cost Savings 2
-  1.2 Usability Now! 8
-  1.3 Usability Slogans 10
-  1.4 Discount Usability Engineering 17
-  1.5 Recipe For Action 21
2. What Is Usability? 23
-  2.1 Usability and Other Considerations 24
-  2.2 Definition of Usability 26
-  2.3 Example: Measuring the Usability of Icons 37
-  2.4 Usability Trade-Offs 41
-  2.5 Categories of Users and Individual User Differences 43
3. Generations of User Interfaces 49
-  3.1 Batch Systems 51
-  3.2 Line-Oriented Interfaces 52
-  3.3 Full-Screen Interfaces 54
-  3.4 Graphical User Interfaces 57
-  3.5 Next-Generation Interfaces 62
-  3.6 Long-Term Trends in Usability 67
4. The Usability Engineering Lifecycle 71
-  4.1 Know the User 73
-  4.2 Competitive Analysis 78
-  4.3 Goal Setting 79
-  4.4 Parallel Design 85
-  4.5 Participatory Design 88
-  4.6 Coordinating the Total Interface 90
-  4.7 Guidelines and Heuristic Evaluation 91
-  4.8 Prototyping 93
-  4.9 Interface Evaluation 102
-  4.10 Iterative Design 105
-  4.11 Follow-Up Studies of Installed Systems 109
-  4.12 Meta-Methods 111
-  4.13 Prioritizing Usability Activities 112
-  4.14 Be Prepared 113
5. Usability Heuristics 115
-  5.1 Simple and Natural Dialogue 115
-  5.2 Speak the Users' Language 123
-  5.3 Minimize User Memory Load 129
-  5.4 Consistency 132
-  5.5 Feedback 134
-  5.6 Clearly Marked Exits 138
-  5.7 Shortcuts 139
-  5.8 Good Error Messages 142
-  5.9 Prevent Errors 145
-  5.10 Help and Documentation 148
-  5.11 Heuristic Evaluation 155
6. Usability Testing 165
-  6.1 Test Goals and Test Plans 170
-  6.2 Getting Test Users 175
-  6.3 Choosing Experimenters 179
-  6.4 Ethical Aspects of Tests with Human Subjects 181
-  6.5 Test Tasks 185
-  6.6 Stages of a Test 187
-  6.7 Performance Measurement 192
-  6.8 Thinking Aloud 195
-  6.9 Usability Laboratories 200
7. Usability Assessment Methods beyond Testing 207
-  7.1 Observation 207
-  7.2 Questionnaires and Interviews 209
-  7.3 Focus Groups 214
-  7.4 Logging Actual Use 217
-  7.5 User Feedback 221
-  7.6 Choosing Usability Methods 223
8. Interface Standards 227
-  8.1 National, International and Vendor Standards 231
-  8.2 Producing Usable In-House Standards 233
9. International User Interfaces 237
-  9.1 International Graphical Interfaces 239
-  9.2 International Usability Engineering 242
-  9.3 Guidelines for Internationalization 247
-  9.4 Resource Separation 251
-  9.5 Multilocale Interfaces 253
10. Future Developments 255
-  10.1 Theoretical Solutions 256
-  10.2 Technological Solutions 260
-  10.3 CAUSE Tools: Computer-Aided Usability Engineering 264
-  10.4 Technology Transfer 265
Exercises 269
Bibliography 283
-  B.1 Conference Proceedings 284
-  B.2 Journals 286
-  B.3 Introductions and Textbooks 290
-  B.4 Handbook 291
-  B.5 Reprint Collections 292
-  B.6 Important Monographs and Collections of Original Papers 294
-  B.7 Guidelines 300
-  B.8 Videotapes 302
-  B.9 Other Bibliographies 304
-  B.10 References 306
Author Index 341
Subject Index 351