Urolithiasis: Basic Science and Clinical Practice

Front Matter....Pages i-xl
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Epidemiology of Kidney Stones in the European Union....Pages 3-12
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in North America....Pages 13-20
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Pakistan....Pages 21-38
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Northern India....Pages 39-46
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Kerala, South India....Pages 47-51
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in China....Pages 53-59
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in South America....Pages 61-66
Epidemiology: South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa....Pages 67-71
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Australia....Pages 73-76
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Saudi Arabia with an Overview of the Regional Differences....Pages 77-83
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Iran....Pages 85-87
Epidemiology of Stone Disease Over a 40-Year Period in Japan....Pages 89-96
Epidemiology of Stone Disease in the Russian Federation and Post-Soviet Era....Pages 97-105
Renal Stone Disease in Different Racial Groups....Pages 107-110
Front Matter....Pages 111-111
Stone Composition and Morphology: A Window on Etiology....Pages 113-140
The Genetics of Kidney Stones....Pages 141-149
Familial Clustering of Stone Disease....Pages 151-154
Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis: Basic and Clinical Aspects....Pages 155-164
Oxalate and Urolithiasis....Pages 165-175
Anti-inflammatory Proteins in Kidney Stone Matrix....Pages 177-181
Front Matter....Pages 111-111
Physiology of Renal Handling of Citrate....Pages 183-186
Urinary Citrate and Stone Disease....Pages 187-194
Renal Tubular Acidosis and Stone Formation....Pages 195-198
Nephrolithiasis and Its Interrelationship with Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Calcium....Pages 199-207
Current Understanding of the Role of Randall’s Plaque....Pages 209-218
Melamine-Associated Urinary Stone....Pages 219-226
Trace Elements in Urolithiasis....Pages 227-230
Infection Stones....Pages 231-235
Epidemiological and Etiological Considerations....Pages 237-240
Front Matter....Pages 241-241
Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Stones: An Overview....Pages 243-250
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Stone Disease in Emergency Settings....Pages 251-254
The Utilization of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Urolithiasis....Pages 255-263
The Role of Radiological Imaging....Pages 265-270
Radiation Exposure in Uroradiology....Pages 271-275
The Use of Low-Dose CT Scanning....Pages 277-281
The Physics of Ultrasound and X-Rays: A Primer for Urologists....Pages 283-289
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
The Stone Surgeon/Lithotomists’ Armamentarium: Today and Tomorrow....Pages 293-299
Physics and Technique of Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL)....Pages 301-311
Laser Lithotripsy Physics....Pages 313-325
Bioeffects of Shock Wave Lithotripsy....Pages 327-332
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
History and Development of the Ureteroscope: What Does the Future Hold?....Pages 333-342
The Operating Room Technicians’ and Nurses’ Roles in Urologic Surgery....Pages 343-346
Innovation in Stone Disease....Pages 347-350
Front Matter....Pages 351-351
The Management of a Patient with an Acute Stone Problem....Pages 353-361
Open Surgery: Current Status and Techniques....Pages 363-373
Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Present Indications and Future Prospects....Pages 375-382
What You Should Know About Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and How You Can Improve Your Performance....Pages 383-393
Examples of Clinical Problems that Might Be Encountered in Patients Treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy....Pages 395-400
SWL of Renal and Ureteral Stones: The Chinese Experience....Pages 401-409
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)....Pages 411-416
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)....Pages 417-426
Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy....Pages 427-432
Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: The Chinese Approach....Pages 433-437
Percutaneous Nephrostomy, Antegrade Stent Placement, and Radiological Control of Post-PCNL Bleeding....Pages 439-444
Management Strategies for Staghorn Stones....Pages 445-453
Ureteral Stone Management: An Overview....Pages 455-462
Ureteroscopy for Ureteric Stones....Pages 463-472
Tricks for Successful Ureteroscopy....Pages 473-480
Lasers in Stone Disease....Pages 481-485
Ureteric Stents: Their Use and Abuse....Pages 487-501
Front Matter....Pages 351-351
Ureteric Stenting: Tips and Tricks....Pages 503-507
Transperitoneal Laparoscopic and Retroperitoneoscopic Stone Treatment....Pages 509-514
Role of Robotic-Assisted Surgery in the Management of Urolithiasis....Pages 515-518
Management of Urinary Bladder Calculi....Pages 519-525
Current Status of Medical Expulsion Therapy for Urinary Calculi....Pages 527-531
Dissolution of Stones by Oral and Irrigative Therapy....Pages 533-537
Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Urinary Stones....Pages 539-541
Patient Safety and the Importance of Informed Consent....Pages 543-546
Anesthesia and Pain Relief for Procedures Performed to Manage Urolithiasis....Pages 547-554
Front Matter....Pages 555-555
Shock Wave Lithotripsy, Endourological Intervention, and Hemostatic Defects....Pages 557-561
Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices....Pages 563-565
Stone Disease in Pregnancy....Pages 567-574
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Calculi in Renal Anomalies....Pages 575-586
Kidney Stones and Chronic Kidney Disease....Pages 587-593
Calculus Renal Failure in Pakistan....Pages 595-600
Urolithiasis in Renal Transplant Donors and Recipients....Pages 601-610
Primary Hyperoxaluria: The Role and Timing of Liver and Kidney Transplantation....Pages 611-617
Front Matter....Pages 619-619
Metabolic Stone Disease in Children....Pages 621-630
Pediatric Urinary Stone Disease in China....Pages 631-638
Patient Evaluation and Comparison of Stone-Removing Strategies in Pediatric Patients with Urinary Tract Stones....Pages 639-646
Front Matter....Pages 619-619
Pediatric Vesicle Stone....Pages 647-653
Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Stone in Children....Pages 655-658
Endourological Approaches to Renal and Ureteric Calculi in Children....Pages 659-668
Front Matter....Pages 669-669
Biochemical Risk Evaluation in Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 671-682
Application of Physical Methods to Kidney Stones and Randall’s Plaque Characterization....Pages 683-707
General and Specific Dietary Advice for the Prevention of Stone Recurrence....Pages 709-719
Overview of Stone Prevention Strategies in China....Pages 721-726
Management of Hypercalciuria and Oxalates in the Prevention of Stone Recurrence....Pages 727-733
Citrate Therapy for Calcium and Uric Acid Stones....Pages 735-743
The Importance of Water and Other Fluids in the Prevention of Stone Recurrence....Pages 745-749
Orthophosphates....Pages 751-756
Management of Cystinuria....Pages 757-765
The Detection and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 767-783
Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism: An Illustrative Case Scenario....Pages 785-790
How to Perform a Successful Exploration of the Neck for Primary Hyperparathyroidism....Pages 791-799
Front Matter....Pages 801-801
Professional Development and Competence of Physicians....Pages 803-805
Assessment in Postgraduate Training....Pages 807-818
Assessment of Competence....Pages 819-825
Modern Concepts on Cognito-Psychomotor Skill Development....Pages 827-836
Integration of Competences....Pages 837-840
Front Matter....Pages 801-801
Education and Training of an Academic Urologic Surgeon....Pages 841-854
Advanced Training of a Practicing Urologist in Stone Disease Management....Pages 855-862
Across Semantic Turfs: The Need for Broader Education....Pages 863-867
Stimulating Research and Innovation in Residents....Pages 869-871
Front Matter....Pages 873-873
Bringing Sophisticated High-Technology Surgical Care to the Rural Masses: What Is India Doing?....Pages 875-879
Bringing Highly Technological Urolithiasis Care to a Billion People: What Is China Doing?....Pages 881-883
Lithotripter Sharing....Pages 885-889
Choosing and Purchasing Expensive Medical Equipment: A Hospital Perspective....Pages 891-896
Comparative Costs of Various Treatment Strategies and Preventive Measures....Pages 897-901
Financial Options for Purchase, Lease, and Hire of Lithotripters....Pages 903-906
The Engagement of Philanthropy....Pages 907-913
The Impact on Health Care of the Recent Global Epidemiological Trends in Urolithiasis....Pages 915-919
Societal Changes and the Etiology of Stone Disease....Pages 921-927
Front Matter....Pages 929-929
Case Scenarios and Interesting Images in Urolithiasis....Pages 931-957
Back Matter....Pages 959-982