Ureteric stenting

Content: Title Page 
 Copyright Page
 Contents
 List of Contributors
 Foreword
 Preface
 Chapter 1 Anatomy of the Human Ureter
 1.1 Structure
 1.2 Blood Supply
 1.3 Nerves
 1.4 Embryology
 1.5 Congenital Variations
 1.5.2 Duplex
 1.5.3 PUJ Obstruction
 1.5.4 Ectopic Ureteric Orifice
 1.5.5 Ureterocoeles
 1.5.6 Mega-Ureter 
 1.5.7 Ureteric Diverticulae
 1.6 Clinical Significance
 References
 Chapter 2 Anatomic Variations of the Ureter 
 2.1 Horseshoe Kidney
 2.2 Duplex Ureter
 2.3 Megaureter
 2.4 Ectopic Ureter
 2.5 Ureterocele
 References
 Chapter 3 The Pathophysiology of Upper Tract Obstruction 3.1 Introduction3.2 Aetiology
 3.3 Presentation
 3.4 Diagnosis
 3.4.1 Anatomical Imaging
 3.4.2 Functional Studies
 3.5 Consequences of Obstruction
 3.5.1 Obstructive Uropathy
 3.5.2 Obstructive Nephropathy
 3.6 Post-Obstructive Outcomes 
 3.6.1 Parenchymal Damage and Functional Loss
 3.6.2 Post Obstructive Diuresis
 3.7 Summary
 References
 Chapter 4 Physiology of the Human Ureter 
 4.1 Historical Introduction
 4.2 The Pain and Myths of Ureteric Colic
 4.3 Anatomical and Functional Studies
 4.4 Ureteric Transport Mechanisms 4.5 Physiological and Pharmacological Properties of Human Ureteric Muscle4.6 The Effect of Metoclopramide and Glucagon
 4.7 The Effect of Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors
 4.8 The Effect of Acid‐Base Changes Upon Ureteric Contractility
 4.9 The Effects of Stents Upon Ureteric Function
 References
 Chapter 5 Etiology of Ureteric Obstruction 
 5.1 Congenital Causes
 5.1.1 Ureterocele and Ureterovesical Reflux
 5.1.2 Ureteric Valve
 5.1.3 Ectopic and Retrocaval Kidney
 5.1.4 Prune Belly Syndrome
 5.2 Metabolic Causes
 5.2.1 Ureterolithiasis
 5.3 Neoplastic Causes 5.3.1 Primary Carcinoma of the Ureter5.3.2 Non-Urologic Malignancies 
 5.4 Inflammatory Causes
 5.4.1 Stricture
 5.4.2 Endometriosis and Tuberculosis
 5.5 Miscellaneous Causes
 5.5.1 Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
 5.5.2 Pregnancy
 5.6 Conclusion
 References
 Chapter 6 The Role of the Interventional Radiologist in Managing Ureteric Obstruction 
 6.1 Introduction
 6.2 Indications for Antegrade Stenting
 6.3 Patient Preparation for Antegrade Stent Insertion
 6.3.1 Pre-Procedure 
 6.3.2 Contra-Indications 
 6.3.3 Procedure
 6.3.4 Complications
 6.4 Stent Design
 6.5 The One-Stage Antegrade Stent 6.6 The Rendezvous Procedure6.7 Summary
 References
 Chapter 7 Emergency Management of Ureteric Obstruction 
 7.1 Introduction
 7.2 Identifying Patients with Obstructive Pyelonephritis
 7.3 Outcomes by Drainage Modality
 7.4 Comparative Effectiveness
 7.5 Quality of Life (QOL)
 7.6 Conclusions
 References
 Chapter 8 The History and Evolution of Ureteral Stents 
 8.1 Introduction
 8.2 History and Evolution of Stent Nomenclature
 8.3 Ancient History
 8.4 Recent History
 8.5 Further Advances in Ureteral Stent Technology
 References
 Chapter 9 Ureteral Stent Materials: Past, Present, and Future