Urban Transformational Landscapes in the City-Hinterlands of Asia: Challenges and Approaches (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)

Preface and Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I Introduction
Asian Urban Transformation: The Shifting Paradigms
	1 Introduction
	2 The Shifting Dynamics of Asian Urbanization
	3 Urban-Developmental Pathways and Patterns: Uneven Across Space and Time
		3.1 Time/Space Effects and Outcomes: Emerging Insights and Shifting Paradigms
	4 In Search of Connections: Sustainability, Livability, Land, and Infrastructure
		4.1 Sustainability and Livability
		4.2 Land and Infrastructural Agenda Setting
	5 The Empirical Studies
	References
Part II Approaches and Issues
Planning Traditions and Urban Development in the Transformational Landscapes of Asia: An Overview of Presented Papers
	1 Introduction
	2 The Empirical Studies: An Overview
	3 Closing Thoughts
	References
Travel Behavior of Residents in Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Neighborhoods: A Study of Two Neighborhoods in Shenzhen, China
	1 Introduction
	2 The TOD Concept and Its Implementation in Chinese Cities
	3 Shenzhen and Its Subway System
	4 Research Methods
	5 Research Findings
		5.1 Subway Ridership Changes
		5.2 Questionnaire Results
		5.3 Chi-Square and Cramer’s V Tests
	6 Conclusions
	References
An Evaluation of Public Spaces in the Peri-Urban Areas of Hanoi in the Urbanization Process, 2008 to Present: Comparative Studies in Three New Wards of Hanoi, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Context
		1.2 Literature Review
		1.3 Research Objectives
		1.4 Conceptual Framework
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Introduction of the Study Areas
		2.2 Research Parameters
	3 Results
		3.1 Significant Findings
		3.2 Evaluation Results of Public Space Quality Based on Public Space Evaluation Index - PSEI
		3.3 Critical Issues
	4 Discussion and Recommendations
		4.1 Discussion
		4.2 Recommendations
	5 Conclusions
	References
Land Commodification and the Changing Landscape of Peri-Urban Villages in Hanoi, Vietnam
	1 The Context of Spatial Development in Peri-Urban Villages in Vietnam
	2 Land Commodification and Changes in the Value of Space
	3 The Use-Value of Space and the Village’s Rules in Traditional Villages
	4 The Exchange Value of Space and Spatial Activities in Peri-Urban Villages
	5 A Case of Spatial Development in Trieu Khuc Village
		5.1 Changes in Social Structure and the Landscape
		5.2 The Issues of Land Commodification Without Effective Governance
	6 Conclusion
	References
Establishing Legal Norms in Vietnam for Compulsory Land Acquisition for Purposes of Economic Development: The Balancing of Public and Private Interests
	1 Introduction
	2 Land Acquisition in the Ideologies of Public and Private Interests
		2.1 The Ideology of Private Interests
		2.2 The Ideology of Public (Collective) Interests
		2.3 The Ideology of Striking the Right Balance
	3 Some Requirements to Ensure the Proper Purposes of Land Acquisition
	4 The Practice of Compulsory Land Acquisition in Vietnam
	5 Concluding Thoughts
	References
Issues with Transformations in Land Management: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Land Management in the Context of Urbanization in Vietnam
		2.1 Legal Valuation of Land and Land Use Rights
		2.2 The Economic Value of Agricultural Land in Areas Designated Urban
		2.3 Urban Land Management Tools
	3 Managing Urban Land in Ho Chi Minh City
	4 Concluding Thoughts
	References
Urban Growth and Multi-seasonal Land Cover Classification of Dhaka, Bangladesh: An Approach Using Google Earth Engine
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Historical Urban Growth of Dhaka
		1.2 The Present State of Land Cover of Dhaka City
	2 Data and Methods
		2.1 The Present State of Land Cover of Dhaka City
		2.2 The Present State of Land Cover of Dhaka City
		2.3 Classification and Training Sample
		2.4 Accuracy Assessment
		2.5 Limitations of the Study
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 LCLU Change
		3.2 Statistical Change
	4 Conclusion
	References
Beating the Traffic: Civil Society Participation in Transport Reforms and Innovations in Metro Manila, Philippines
	1 Introduction
	2 Civil Society Participation in the Philippines
	3 Civil Society Initiatives in Transport Reforms and Innovations
		3.1 Bayanihan sa Daan Through Carless Weekends
		3.2 Walkable Pearl Drive Initiative
	4 Beating the Traffic with Creativity
	5 Conclusion: Toward a Shared Responsibility
	References
Urban Low-Income Housing in Thailand, Manifests on Thai Democratization
	1 Introduction
	2 A Brief Timeline of Thai Democracy
	3 The 1997 Constitution Decentralization Act; The Core Component of Thailand Political Structure and Thai Urban Low-Income Housing Development Process
	4 Case Studies of Two Housing Projects (BEA and BMK): Examining the Nature and Patterns of Conflict in Planning and Development
		4.1 We Care Housing Project (Baan Eua-Arthorn or BEA); Ban Ped, Maung Khon Kaen Province
		4.2 Secure Housing Project (Baan Mankong or BMK); Tawanmai Community, Maung Khon Kaen Province
	5 Conclusion
	References
Perseverance in the Face of Water Scarcity in Hot Summer Seasons: A Case Study of Slum Communities in Indore, India
	1 A Brief Background and Context
	2 Study Setting and Methodology
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Methodology
	3 Findings
		3.1 Challenges in Accessing Water
		3.2 Temporary Actions Undertaken to Overcome Acute Water Stress in Summers
		3.3 Coping Mechanisms Adopted by Slum Communities to Access Water
	4 Concluding Thoughts
	References
Influence of Planning on Physical Activity in Public Spaces: A Case Study of Chirag Delhi Ward, New Delhi, India
	1 Understanding Physical Activity
		1.1 Conceptual Framework
		1.2 Research Question
		1.3 Objectives
		1.4 Methodology
	2 Study Area: Chirag Delhi and Surroundings
	3 Master Plan and Public Spaces: Locating the Open Gyms
	4 Enhancing Physical Activity: Case of Open Gyms
		4.1 Populist Intervention or Local Need?
		4.2 Place and Physical Activity
	5 Conclusion
	References
Limitations of Public Open Spaces in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Some Perspectives from the Elderly
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 What Are Public Open Spaces (POS)?
		2.2 The Need of the Elderly for Age-Friendly POS
		2.3 Designing Age-Friendly POS
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Study Area and Site Selection
		3.2 Data Collection Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Participants’ Characteristics
		4.2 The Usage of POS
		4.3 Evaluation
		4.4 Solutions for Improving POS
	5 Conclusion
	References
Tourist Development and Spatial Transformation of Mekong Delta Flower Villages: A Case Study of Tan Quy Flower Village, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Typical Landscape Spaces of Tan Quy Dong Ornamental Flower Village
	3 The Impact of Urbanization
	4 The Impact of Tourism
	5 Proposal for Typical Spaces of Tan Quy Dong Flower Village
	6 Conclusion
	References
Tracing the Evolution of Resilience in Planning Practices—A Case Study of Taichung, Taiwan
	1 Introduction
	2 Resilience in Planning: Discourse, Plans, and Practices
		2.1 Spatial Planning and Planning in Collaboration: The Research Framework
		2.2 Resilient Planning in the Local Context
	3 The Empirical Study: Resilient Waterfront Projects in the City Center of Taichung
		3.1 An Historical Overview: Canals and the City
		3.2 The Waterfront Projects: From Policymaking to Practices
		3.3 A Success in Practices?
	4 Analysis: Resilience in Planning
		4.1 The Performance: Discourse and Collaborative Framework
		4.2 The Conformance: Plans and Policies, Spatial Development
	5 Conclusion: Tracing the Evolution of Resilience
	Appendix: List of the Interviews
	References
A New Inner-Hanoi via Old Industrial Facilities: From Urban Renewal to Re-urbanization and Urban Regeneration
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Situation and Background
		1.2 Five Key Concepts
		1.3 Research Purpose and Methodology
	2 Urban Renewal Policy and Practice in Context of Old Industrial Facilities in Inner-Hanoi
		2.1 Urban Renewal Framework for Old Industrial Facilities in Inner-Hanoi
		2.2 Typical Urban Renewal Projects to Replace Old Industrial Facilities in Inner-Hanoi
	3 Reviewing Miscellaneous ‘-Ization’ and ‘-Fication’ Strategies at Work in the Renewal, Reurbanization, and Regeneration of Inner-Hanoi
		3.1 Renewal via Residentialization, Densification and Gentrification
		3.2 Reurbanization via (Re)localization of Central Lands and Privatization of Public Lands
		3.3 Regeneration via Modernization, Occidentalization and Re/De-Heritagization
	4 Conclusion: (Re)making Hanoi on Hanoi
	References
Local Government Decision-Making and Public Participation in District 8, Ho Chi Minh City: Do We Know What Works?
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Overview of District 8
	2 Rationale for Public Participation
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings
		4.1 Reasons for Involvement
		4.2 The Types of Involvement
		4.3 Benefits and Costs of Involvement
	5 Discussion
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Agricultural Transformation Towards Urbanization: A Study of the Peri-Urban Area in Da Lat City, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
		2.1 Location
		2.2 General Overview of the Study Area
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Analysis
	4 Result
		4.1 Benefits of Tourism Integration
		4.2 Land Covering Issues on Land Transactions and Environmental Impacts
		4.3 The Gaps Between Local Status and Tourism Development Through Perceptions of Local Community and Tourists
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Agriculture Integrates Tourism (Socio-Eco-Benefits and Challenges)
		5.2 Policies and Planning for Land Transformation and Environment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Urban Flooding in the Context of Climate Change in Ho Chi Minh City: A Case Study of Nha Be District
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Frequency and Intensity
		4.2 Impacts
		4.3 Solutions
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	Appendix A—Questionnaire Form and Sample Survey Results
	Appendix B
	References
Vulnerability and Flood Risk Analysis for Urban Areas—A Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Analysis, Results and Discussion
		3.1 Study Area and Dataset
		3.2 Scenarios
		3.3 Hazard and Exposure Map
		3.4 Vulnerability Assessment
		3.5 Risk Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Climate Migrants in the Dhaka Metropolitan Region: The Process of Livelihood Adaptation
	1 Introduction
	2 Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh
	3 Method and Data
		3.1 Working Definition of Climate Migrants
		3.2 Methods and Sources of Data
	4 Findings and Discussions
		4.1 Climatic Disasters that Affected the Migrants at Their Places of Origin
		4.2 Process of Migration
		4.3 Economic Adaptation of Migrants in the City
	5 Conclusions
	References
Part III Fresh Looks and Alternative Perspectives
Multifaceted Ideas and Approaches: An Overview of Presented Papers
	1 Introduction
	2 Empirical Studies: An Overview
	References
Urban Sustainability and Urban Resilience Indicators: Preliminary Framework for a Methodology to Combine Both Approaches in a Common Indicator Set
	1 Introduction
	2 Urban Sustainability and Urban Resilience
		2.1 Urban Sustainability (US)
		2.2 Urban Resilience (UR)
		2.3 Common Grounds and Divergence
	3 Urban Sustainability Indicators
		3.1 Sustainability Index for Taipei
		3.2 China Urban Sustainability Index (USI)
		3.3 International Standard for Sustainable Cities and Communities (ISO 37120:2018)
	4 Urban Resilience Indicators
		4.1 City Resilience Index (CRI)
		4.2 International Standard for Resilient Cities (ISO 37123:2019)
	5 Analysis of Common Points and Differences of Both Indicator Types
		5.1 General Analysis
		5.2 Analysis Using the Example of the Domain of Water Supply
	6 Discussion of the Possibilities and Methodic of Combining Both Approaches
		6.1 Thematic Level: Combining Both Approaches
		6.2 Conceptual Level: Universality and Specificity
	7 Conclusion
	References
Convivial Cities: Alternative to Cities of Consumers: An Exploratory Note
	1 Introduction
	2 Interrogating the Cities
	3 The Convivial Cities
		3.1 Tilonia: The Convivial City
		3.2 Interrogating the Rural–Urban Binaries
		3.3 Critique of City-Centered Development
		3.4 Critique of Formal Education
		3.5 Inclusive Education
		3.6 Transparency and Ethics: Two Pillars of Convivial City
		3.7 Decentralization Through Participatory Democracy
		3.8 Self-Sufficiency in Energy Production
		3.9 Community Health Services
		3.10 Local Resource Mobilization and Village Ecology Planning
		3.11 Female Empowerment Through a Minimum Equal Wage Principle
	References
Assessing the Livelihood Capacity of Workers and Planning Orientation for Residential Areas Toward Sustainable Livelihood of Workers in Industrial Zones Around Hanoi, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methods
		2.1 Definitions and Theories
		2.2 Scope of Research
		2.3 Data Collection
		2.4 Data Analysis
	3 Research Outcomes and Discussions
		3.1 Evaluation of SLI Among Industrial Zone Workers in Hanoi
		3.2 Planning Orientation for Workers’ Housing Projects Toward Sustainable Livelihoods
	4 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Evolutionary Livability of New Urban Areas in Hanoi: From Plan(ning) to Market(ing)
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Trend of Livability in Vietnam
		1.2 Hanoi’s Making Space: From Functional City and Planned Neighborhoods to Open City and New Housing Projects
	2 KDTMs Assessed Through the Lens of Livability
		2.1 Era of KDTMs
		2.2 Preliminary Findings on the Livability in KDTMs via Case Studies of Linh Dam and Ecopark
	3 New Urban Areas, New Thinking on City (Re)making
		3.1 Model (of) KDTM Toward the Planned Success of a New Housing Policy
		3.2 Anarchical Competition Among Livable KDTMs
	4 Do the Labels of KDTMs Satisfy Their Residents?
	5 Conclusion
	References
Is Linh Dam Still a Livable New Town? How to Make It Work Well Again?
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Urbanization in Vietnam
		1.2 Livability Worldwide
		1.3 Livability in Vietnam
		1.4 Objectives of Research
		1.5 Methods of Research
	2 Quality of Life in Linh Dam—Re-assessment
		2.1 Introduction of Linh Dam New Town
		2.2 Number One Reason for Choosing Linh Dam as Permanent Residence
		2.3 Assessment of Livability in View of Technical Infrastructure
		2.4 Assessment of Livability in View of Social Infrastructure
	3 The Story of Quality and Livability in Linh Dam New Town
	4 Conclusions
	References
Future of Prospective Smart Cities Outside Metro Manila
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Instruments and Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Regional Profile and Urban Settlements Characteristics
		3.2 Facilitating and Hindering Factors of Smart Cities
		3.3 National and Local Urban Policy Frameworks
		3.4 Ten Developing and Potential Smart Cities in 2040
	4 Conclusion
	References
Review of a Green Infrastructure Approach in Urban Flood Management and Its Possible Application in Binh Duong Province
	1 Introduction
	2 Green Infrastructure in Urban Flooding Management
	3 Green Infrastructure in Practice
		3.1 Successful Green Infrastructure Projects
		3.2 Factors that Influence Green Infrastructure Project Implementation
	4 Flooding in Binh Duong Province and Green Infrastructure
		4.1 Rapid Urbanization and Flooding in Binh Duong
		4.2 Opportunities for Green Infrastructure Solutions in Urban Flooding Mitigation in Binh Duong Province
		4.3 Solutions for Binh Duong
	5 Conclusions
	References
Stakeholder Analysis Framework and Ongoing System Review for the Possibility of Green Infrastructure Application to Hanoi Urban Stormwater Management
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Current Urban Flooding Situation in Hanoi
		1.2 Key Concepts
		1.3 Problem Statement and Study Objective
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Stakeholder Analysis Framework: Stages
		2.2 Stakeholder Analysis Framework: Phases of Application
	3 Additional Background: A Closer Look into the Hanoi Stormwater Network and Management
		3.1 Hanoi Stormwater Network
		3.2 Hanoi Stormwater Management
	4 Results
		4.1 Identification and Grouping of Stakeholders
		4.2 Categorization of Stakeholders
		4.3 Stakeholder Relationships
	5 Concluding Thoughts
		5.1 An Overview
		5.2 Recommendations: Five Proposed Strategies to Foster the Integration of GI in SWM
	Appendix
	References
Open Space Use Under Elevated Road Infrastructure: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Bangkok, Thailand
	1 Introduction
	2 Open Spaces and Urban Development
		2.1 Open Spaces: Definition and Categorization
		2.2 Open Spaces: Definition and Categorization
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Bangkok
		3.2 Ho Chi Minh City
	4 Study Results and Discussion
		4.1 Open Spaces Under Elevated Roadways in Bangkok and HCMC
		4.2 Proposals for the Utilization of Spaces Under Elevated Roadways in Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City
	5 Conclusion
	References
Potentials for Vertical Gardening in Cities: A Case Study of Shophouse Facades in the Inner City of Da Nang, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Utility of Green Development at Multiple Urban Scales
		3.2 Potential for Vertical Gardens in the Study Area
		3.3 Possible Values Gained from Vertical Garden Development
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Effect of Urban Vegetation Patterns on Land Surface Temperatures in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Study Area and Materials
		2.2 Land Cover Classification
		2.3 Selection of Study Sub-Areas
		2.4 Land Surface Temperature Contour Maps
	3 Results
		3.1 Land Cover Classification Map
		3.2 Comparison of the Spatial Structure and Pattern of Vegetation with LST
	4 Discussion and Concluding Thoughts
	References
Enhancing Urban Mobility Through a Powered Two-Wheeler Lane System: An Empirical Study in Ho Chi Minh City
	1 Introduction
	2 The State of the Art and the State of the Practice on Powered Two-Wheeler Lanes
		2.1 PTW Lanes in Vietnam
		2.2 PTW Lanes in Malaysia
		2.3 PTW Lanes in India
		2.4 Challenges
	3 Empirical Study on Powered Two-Wheeler Lanes
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Analysis
		3.3 Simulation of PTW Lane Performance
	4 Guidelines for PTW Lane Design and Evaluation
		4.1 Dimensions of Roadway Sections
		4.2 Dimensions of Intersection Sections
		4.3 Road Auxiliaries
		4.4 Evaluation Framework for a PTW Lane System
	5 Conclusions
	References
Asian Urban Transformation: Emerging Impressions and Future Research
	1 Introduction
	2 At the Intersections of Scholars and Practitioners
	3 The Empirical Studies: Insights into the Transforming Urbanizing Territories
	4 Looking Forward: A Concerted Research Approach
	References
Part IV Concluding Thoughts
Correction to: Is Linh Dam Still a Livable New Town? How to Make It Work Well Again?
	Correction to:  Chapter “Is Linh Dam Still a Livable New Town? How to Make It Work Well Again?” in: D. Mookherjee et al. (eds.), Urban Transformational Landscapes in the City-Hinterlands of Asia, Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8726-7_27
	Index