Urban Infrastructuring: Reconfigurations, Transformations and Sustainability in the Global South

Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
1: Urban Infrastructuring: Trajectories of Infrastructural Entanglement in Cities of the Global South
	1.1	 Introduction
	1.2	 The Infrastructural Turn in the Social Sciences: Configuring Infrastructural Inversions
	1.3	 The Infrastructural Paradox: Balancing Promises, Inequalities, Sustainability and Decay
	1.4	 Beyond Singular Infrastructural Approaches
	1.5	 Aims, Structure and Content of the Book: Urban Infrastructural Entanglements, Injustices and Trajectories
		1.5.1	 Aims and Structure
		1.5.2	 Contents of the Edited Volume
	References
Part I: Infrastructural Entanglements
	2: Fragmented Infrastructure Systems in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: Assessment from an Environmental Resource Nexus and Public Health Perspective
		2.1	 Introduction
		2.2	 Environmental Pollution and Public Health in Ulaanbaatar
			2.2.1	 Air Pollution
			2.2.2	 Water Scarcity and Pollution
			2.2.3	 Soil Pollution
		2.3	 Policy and Planning Responses
		2.4	 Conclusions
		References
	3: What Lies Behind the Acute Crises: The Social and Infrasystems Links with Disasters in Brazil
		3.1	 Introduction
		3.2	 Methods
			3.2.1	 Variables
			3.2.2	 Mathematical Procedure
		3.3	 Results and Discussion
			3.3.1	 The Brazilian Panorama of the Anachronic Modernisation
			3.3.2	 Is the Frequency of Emergency Decrees in Brazil a Significant Phenomenon?
			3.3.3	 What is the Spatial Distribution of These Practices?
			3.3.4	 Is it Possible to Infer Association or Causal Links Between the Number of Disaster Decrees and Relevant Socioeconomic, Sociospatial and Health Variables?
			3.3.5	 Is There a Correlation Between the Availability of Health Infrastructures and the Number of Disasters Declared by a Municipality?
		3.4	 Conclusions
		References
	4: Teaching, Therapy, and Tourism: Infrastructural Transformations in Contemporary Chinese Theatre
		4.1	 Introduction
		4.2	 Analytical Approach
		4.3	 Small Theatres
			4.3.1	 Juyin Theatre
			4.3.2	 The Penghao Theatre
			4.3.3	 The Inside-Out Theatre
		4.4	 Monumental Theatres
			4.4.1	 National Centre for the Performing Arts
			4.4.2	 Tianqiao Performing Arts Centre
			4.4.3	 Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre
		4.5	 Traditional Theatres
			4.5.1	 The Guanghe Theatre
			4.5.2	 Lao She Teahouse
		4.6	 Discussion
		4.7	 Conclusions
		References
	5: The Infrastructures of Land: Heterogeneous Land Administration in Urban Ghana
		5.1	 Introduction
		5.2	 Methodology
		5.3	 Customary Land Administration
		5.4	 Statutory Land Administration
		5.5	 Challenges to Heterogeneous Land Administration
		5.6	 Conclusions
		References
	6: Land Market Procedures and Market Preferences in Land Use Change: The Case of Greater Cairo
		6.1	 Introduction: Decision-Making, Land Use, and Infrastructure
		6.2	 Overview: Procedures and Material Benefit in Land Use Analyses
		6.3	 Procedural Preferences: An Observational Approach
			6.3.1	 Methodology and Methods
		6.4	 Case Study: Greater Cairo
			6.4.1	 Sampling
			6.4.2	 Questionnaire: Greater Cairo
				6.4.2.1	 Land Markets Categories
				6.4.2.2	 Motivations
				6.4.2.3	 Land Plot Attributes
				6.4.2.4	 Hypothetical Land Plot Cases
		6.5	 Results and Analysis
			6.5.1	 Market Preferences
			6.5.2	 Decision Point
			6.5.3	 Motivational Regulations
			6.5.4	 Correlation Analysis: Decision Point and Motivations
			6.5.5	 Results Limitations: Sampling, Reliability, and Validity
		6.6	 Conclusions and Limitations
		6.7	 Further Research
		References
	7: Sustainability of Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems in Bolivian Cities: Challenges, Opportunities, Responses, and Implications for Transition Pathways
		7.1	 Introduction
		7.2	 Methodology
			7.2.1	 Research Approach
			7.2.2	 Study Site
			7.2.3	 Data Collection and Analysis
		7.3	 Results
			7.3.1	 Main Sustainability Issues in Bolivian MSWM
			7.3.2	 Governance Dimension
				7.3.2.1	 Institutions and Policies
				7.3.2.2	 Financial Sustainability
				7.3.2.3	 Inclusivity
			7.3.3	 Operational Dimension
				7.3.3.1	 Collection
				7.3.3.2	 Recycling and Recovery
				7.3.3.3	 Disposal
		7.4	 Discussion
			7.4.1	 Future Pathways for MSWM Sustainability Transitions in Bolivia
			7.4.2	 Current and Future Implications for Urban Health
				7.4.2.1	 Exposure Through Waste Accumulation in Food Chains and the Environment
				7.4.2.2	 Exposure in Areas with Poor Service Provision or Near Waste Management Facilities
				7.4.2.3	 Exposure Through Formal and Informal Livelihood Activities
		7.5	 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Infrastructuring (Unequal) Relationships
	8: Building Inequality: Infrastructure and Intra-urban Inequality in the Capitalist City
		8.1	 Introduction
		8.2	 The City as a Productive Force
		8.3	 The Production of Uneven Urban Space
			8.3.1	 The Neoclassical Economics Explanation
			8.3.2	 The Neo-Marxian Explanation
		8.4	 Implications for Intra-urban Inequality
		8.5	 Mechanisms of Infrastructural Exclusion
			8.5.1	 Lack of Physical Access
			8.5.2	 Expenditure Relative to Income
			8.5.3	 Institutional Constraints
			8.5.4	 Social Stratification Barriers
		8.6	 Conclusions
		References
	9: Creating Age-Friendly Informal Settlements? Challenges to Enabling Health and Well-being for Older People in Informal Urban Harare
		9.1	 Introduction
		9.2	 Healthy Ageing and Well-being in Zimbabwe’s Urban Environment
		9.3	 Methodology
			9.3.1	 Data Collection
			9.3.2	 Case Study Sites
		9.4	 Findings
			9.4.1	 Home Infrastructure and Environment
			9.4.2	 Healthcare Infrastructure and Services
			9.4.3	 Outdoor Spaces and Walkability
		9.5	 Discussion
		9.6	 Conclusions
		References
	10: Transitioning Infrastructures and Socio-Cultural Practices at the Idol-Making Cluster of Kolkata’s Kumartuli
		10.1	 Introduction
		10.2	 Methodology
		10.3	 Results
			10.3.1	 The Kumartuli Neighbourhood: Spatial and Socio-Cultural Organisation
			10.3.2	 Spatial Patterns Within Individual Workshops
		10.4	 Discussion
		10.5	 Conclusion
		References
	11: Construction Site Assemblages: Relationships of Synergy and Exploitation in the (Re)configuration of Lekki, Nigeria
		11.1	 Introduction
		11.2	 Background
		11.3	 Methodology
		11.4	 Findings: Lekki’s Construction site Assemblages
		11.5	 Discussion
		11.6	 Conclusions
		References
	12: One Size Does Not Fit All: Sanitation Solutions in Shanghai’s Older and Under-Serviced Inner-City Neighbourhoods
		12.1	 Introduction
		12.2	 Methodology
			12.2.1	 Study Sites
			12.2.2	 Data Collection and Analysis
		12.3	 Results
			12.3.1	 Sanitation Transformation in Shanghai
			12.3.2	 Modes of Infrastructural Transformation in Shanghai
				12.3.2.1	 Demolish-and-Replace: Sanitation Transformation in a Shikumen
				12.3.2.2	 Retrofitting Sanitation in a New Style Lilong
		12.4	 Discussion
			12.4.1	 Implications for Sanitation sustainability in China
			12.4.2	 Implications for Sustainable Sanitation Transitions in Rapidly Urbanising Contexts
		12.5	 Conclusions
		References
	13: Manufacturing Open Defecation Free Cities: Punishing People and Collapsing Toilets, Unpacking Paradoxes of Mumbai’s Sanitation Landscape
		13.1	 Introduction
		13.2	 Everyday Infrastructural Violence and Acts of Resistance
		13.3	 Methodology
		13.4	 Social Audit of Toilets, M-East Ward, Mumbai
			13.4.1	 Proclaiming ODF
			13.4.2	 Public Toilet Collapse in Mandala
			13.4.3	 Toilets Built by the Community Groups in Mandala
		13.5	 Discussion
		13.6	 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Infrastructuring Just Trajectories
	14: Modelling Chinese Urban Residential Stock Turnover Uncertainties Using System Dynamics and Bayesian Statistical Inference
		14.1	 Introduction
		14.2	 Methodology
			14.2.1	 Stock Turnover Dynamics
			14.2.2	 Survival Model
			14.2.3	 Stock Turnover Model Structure and Equations
			14.2.4	 Bayesian Inference
				14.2.4.1	 Statistical Model
				14.2.4.2	 Bayesian Model Inference
				14.2.4.3	 Model Parameter Priors
				14.2.4.4	 MCMC Sampling and Posterior Distribution Calculation
				14.2.4.5	 Posterior Predictive Distribution
		14.3	 Results and Discussion
		14.4	 Model Limitations and Future Work
		14.5	 Conclusions
		References
	15: A Strategic Planning Problem: The Relationship Between Urban Transformation Outcomes and the Temporal Order of Planned Projects
		15.1	 Introduction
		15.2	 Urban Systems Modelling
			15.2.1	 Cellular Automata Modelling of Urban Processes
		15.3	 Methodology
			15.3.1	 The Study Site and Setting Up Starting Points for Scenario Simulation
			15.3.2	 Research Approach
			15.3.3	 Data Collection and Analysis Towards the Definition of Transition Rules
		15.4	 Results
			15.4.1	 Scenario 1: Education First
			15.4.2	 Scenario 2: Commercial First
			15.4.3	 Scenario 3: Maximising Commercial Use
			15.4.4	 Scenario 4: Maximising Education
		15.5	 Discussion
			15.5.1	 Data Availability
			15.5.2	 Computational Limitations
		15.6	 Conclusions
		References
	16: The Importance of Social Infrastructure in Supporting Physical Infrastructure and Enabling the Development of Sustainable Cities
		16.1	 Introduction
		16.2	 The Urban Context
		16.3	 International Initiatives
		16.4	 Problems and Solutions
			16.4.1	 Transport Infrastructure and City Form
			16.4.2	 Workplace Toilets
			16.4.3	 School Toilets
			16.4.4	 Toilet Management and Control
		16.5	 Conclusion
		References
	17: Architecture, Sanitation and COVID-19: Design Interventions in Resource-Limited Settings (Accra, Ghana)
		17.1	 Introduction
		17.2	 Methods
		17.3	 Findings: Interlinkages of Architecture, Public Health and Sanitation in Resource-Limited Settings
			17.3.1	 The Bathroom, the Architect and the Pandemic
			17.3.2	 COVID-19 Challenges in Sanitation
			17.3.3	 Shared Sanitation Facilities in Accra, Ghana
		17.4	 Discussion
			17.4.1	 Disease Transmission and Design at the Sanitation-User Interface
			17.4.2	 Gendered Practices of Sanitation and Hygiene
		17.5	 Conclusions
		References
	18: Speculative Futures of Global South Infrastructures
		18.1	 Introduction
			18.1.1	 Worldbuilding Design Toolkits
			18.1.2	 Infrastructure, Future Fictions, and the GS
			18.1.3	 Climate Change, Technological Change, Demographic Change
		18.2	 Infrastructure in GS SF
			18.2.1	 Recycling and Waste Management Infrastructures
			18.2.2	 Energy Infrastructures
			18.2.3	 Health and Food
		18.3	 Conclusion
		References
	19: Infrastructuring with Care in Cities of the Global South
		19.1	 Introduction
		19.2	 Systemic Views on Infrastructural configurations in Cities of the Global South
			19.2.1	 Risky Perspectives on Heterogeneous Infrastructure
			19.2.2	 Infrastructuring Responsibilities
			19.2.3	 Complicit Infrastructural Knowledges
		19.3	 Towards Infrastructuring as Caring
		References
Index