Unmanned Aircraft Design: A Review of Fundamentals (Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
Contents
1 Design Fundamentals
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Design Project Planning
	1.3 Decision Making
	1.4 Design Criteria, Objectives and Priorities
	1.5 Feasibility Analysis
	1.6 Design Groups
	1.7 Design Process
	1.8 Systems Engineering Approach
	1.9 Conceptual Design
	1.10 Preliminary Design
	1.11 Detail Design
	1.12 Design Review, Evaluation, and Feedback
	1.13 Questions
2 Payloads Selection/Design
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Payload Definition
	2.3 Cargo or Freight Payload
	2.4 Reconnaissance/Surveillance Payload
		2.4.1 Camera
		2.4.2 Radar
	2.5 Scientific Payloads
	2.6 Military Payloads
	2.7 Payload Installation
		2.7.1 Payload Location
		2.7.2 Payload Aerodynamics
		2.7.3 Payload-Structure Integration
		2.7.4 Payload Stabilization
	2.8 Payload Control and Management
	2.9 Payload Selection/Design Considerations
	2.10 Questions
	2.11 Problems
3 Preliminary Design
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 UAVs Classification
	3.3 Conceptual Design
		3.3.1 Fixed-Wing UAVs
		3.3.2 Rotary-Wing UAVs
	3.4 Initial Sizing
	3.5 Maximum Take-Off Weight Estimation—UAVs with Fuel Burning Engine(s)
	3.6 Maximum Take-Off Weight Estimation—UAVs with Electric Engine(s)
	3.7 Wing and Engine Sizing
	3.8 Questions
4 Aerodynamic Design
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
	4.3 Wing Design
	4.4 Tail Design
		4.4.1 Horizontal Tail Design
		4.4.2 Vertical Tail Design
	4.5 Fuselage Design
	4.6 More on Design Details
	4.7 Questions
5 Structural Design
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Flight Loads
	5.3 Structural Members
	5.4 Structural Materials
	5.5 Construction
	5.6 Structural Design Process
	5.7 Questions
6 Fundamentals of Autopilot
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Primary Subsystems of an Autopilot
	6.3 Dynamic Modeling
	6.4 UAV Dynamics
		6.4.1 Longitudinal
		6.4.2 Lateral-Directional
	6.5 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments
	6.6 Stability and Control Derivatives
	6.7 Transfer Function
	6.8 State-Space Model
	6.9 Linearization
	6.10 Autopilot Design Process
	6.11 Questions
7 Control System Design
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Fundamentals of Control Systems
	7.3 UAV Control Architecture
		7.3.1 Control Categories
		7.3.2 Cruise Control
	7.4 Flight Control Requirements
		7.4.1 Longitudinal Control Requirements
		7.4.2 Roll Control Requirements
		7.4.3 Directional Control Requirements
	7.5 PID Controller
	7.6 Optimal Control—Linear Quadratic Regulator
	7.7 Robust Control
	7.8 Digital Control
	7.9 Control Surfaces Design
	7.10 Stability Augmentation
	7.11 Autonomy
		7.11.1 Classification
		7.11.2 Detect (I.E., Sense)-And-Avoid
		7.11.3 Automated Recovery
		7.11.4 Fault Monitoring
		7.11.5 Intelligent Flight Planning
		7.11.6 Return to Home
		7.11.7 Manned-Unmanned Teaming
		7.11.8 Artificial Intelligence
	7.12 Mechanical/Power Transmission Systems Design
	7.13 Control System Design Process
	7.14 Questions
	7.15 Problems
8 Navigation System Design
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Coordinate Systems
	8.3 Inertial Navigation System
	8.4 Global Positioning System
	8.5 Position Fixing Navigation
		8.5.1 Map Reading
		8.5.2 Celestial Navigation
	8.6 Inertial Navigation Sensors
		8.6.1 Accelerometer
		8.6.2 Gyroscope
		8.6.3 Airspeed Sensor
		8.6.4 Altitude Sensor
		8.6.5 Sensor Data Filtering
	8.7 Navigation System Design Process
	8.8 Questions
9 Microcontroller Boards
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Basic Fundamentals
	9.3 Modules/Components
	9.4 Flight Software
		9.4.1 Software Development
		9.4.2 Operating Systems
		9.4.3 Management Software
		9.4.4 Microcontroller Programing
		9.4.5 Software Integration
		9.4.6 C Language
		9.4.7 Compiler
		9.4.8 Debugging
	9.5 Open-Source Single-Board Microcontrollers
		9.5.1 Arduino
		9.5.2 ArduPilot
		9.5.3 Lumenier
		9.5.4 Raspberry Pi
		9.5.5 Pixhawk CubePilot
	9.6 Design Procedure
	9.7 Questions
10 Ground Control Stations
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 GCS Subsystems
	10.3 Ergonomics
	10.4 Types of Ground Stations
		10.4.1 Handheld Controller
		10.4.2 Portable GCS
		10.4.3 Van and Truck
		10.4.4 Central Command Station
	10.5 Communications System
	10.6 Design Process
	10.7 Questions
11 Launch and Recovery Systems
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Launcher Equipment
	11.3 Fundamentals of Launch
	11.4 Air Launch
	11.5 Hand Launch
	11.6 Recovery Techniques
	11.7 Recovery Fundamentals
		11.7.1 Parachute
		11.7.2 Impact Recovery
	11.8 Launch and Recovery Systems Design
		11.8.1 Launch System Design Process
		11.8.2 Recovery System Design Process
	11.9 Questions
	11.10 Problems
12 Propulsion System Design
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Engines Classification
	12.3 Selection of Engine Type
	12.4 Number of Engines
	12.5 Engine Location
		12.5.1 Fixed-Wing
		12.5.2 Rotary-Wing
		12.5.3 Hybrid Configuration
	12.6 Propeller Sizing
	12.7 Engine Selection
	12.8 Propulsion System Design Process
	12.9 Questions
References