Understanding Psychology 14th Edition by Robert Feldman

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Information
Dedication
About the Author
Brief Contents
Contents
Connect
Preface
Making the Grade
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
	Module 1: Psychologists at Work
		The Subfields of Psychology: Psychology’s Family Tree
		Working at Psychology
	Module 2: A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future
		The Roots of Psychology
		Today’s Five Major Perspectives
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Psychology Matters
	Module 3: Psychology’s Key Issues and Controversies
		Exploring Diversity: Understanding How Culture, Ethnicity, and Race Influence Behavior
		Psychology’s Future
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Enhancing Your Mind
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Thinking Critically About Psychology: Distinguishing Legitimate Psychology from Pseudo-Psychology
Chapter 2: Psychological Research
	Module 4: The Scientific Method
		Theories: Specifying Broad Explanations
		Hypotheses: Crafting Testable Predictions
	Module 5: Conducting Psychological Research
		Archival Research
		Naturalistic Observation
		Survey Research
		The Case Study
		Correlational Research
		Experimental Research
	Module 6: Critical Research Issues
		The Ethics of Research
		Exploring Diversity: Choosing Participants Who Represent the Scope of Human Behavior
		Neuroscience in Your Life: The Importance of Using Representative Participants
		Should Animals Be Used in Research?
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Finding Research Participants on Facebook
		Threats to Experimental Validity: Avoiding Experimental Bias
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Thinking Critically About Research
Chapter 3: Neuroscience and Behavior
	Module 7: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior
		The Structure of the Neuron
		How Neurons Fire
		Where Neurons Meet: Bridging the Gap
		Neurotransmitters: Multitalented Chemical Couriers
	Module 8: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body
		The Nervous System: Linking Neurons
		The Evolutionary Foundations of the Nervous System
		The Endocrine System: Of Chemicals and Glands
	Module 9: The Brain
		Studying the Brain’s Structure and Functions: Spying on the Brain
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Bypassing Broken Neural Pathways with a Chip in the Brain
		The Central Core: Our “Old Brain”
		The Limbic System: Beyond the Central Core
		The Cerebral Cortex: Our “New Brain”
		Neuroplasticity and the Brain
		Neuroscience in Your Life: The Plastic Brain
		The Specialization of the Hemispheres: Two Brains or One?
		Exploring Diversity: Human Diversity and the Brain
		The Split Brain: Exploring the Two Hemispheres
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Learning to Control Your Heart—and Mind—Through Biofeedback
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
	Module 10: Sensing the World Around Us
		Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There
		Difference Thresholds: Noticing Distinctions Between Stimuli
		Sensory Adaptation: Turning Down Our Responses
	Module 11: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
		Illuminating the Structure of the Eye
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Recognizing Faces
		Color Vision and Color Blindness: The 7-Million-Color Spectrum
	Module 12: Hearing and the Other Senses
		Sensing Sound
		Smell and Taste
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Sniffing out Flash Drives
		The Skin Senses: Touch, Pressure, Temperature, and Pain
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Managing Pain
		How Our Senses Interact
	Module 13: Perceptual Organization: Constructing Our View of the World
		The Gestalt Laws of Organization
		Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processing
		Depth Perception: Translating 2-D to 3-D
		Perceptual Constancy
		Motion Perception: As the World Turns
		Perceptual Illusions: The Deceptions of Perceptions
		Exploring Diversity: Culture and Perception
Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
	Module 14: Sleep and Dreams
		The Stages of Sleep
		REM Sleep: The Paradox of Sleep
		Why Do We Sleep, and How Much Sleep Is Necessary?
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Sleeping to Forget
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Why Are We So Emotional When We Don’t Get Enough Sleep?
		The Function and Meaning of Dreaming
		Sleep Disturbances: Slumbering Problems
		Circadian Rhythms: Life Cycles
		Daydreams: Dreams Without Sleep
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Sleeping Better
	Module 15: Hypnosis and Meditation
		Hypnosis: A Trance-Forming Experience?
		Meditation: Regulating Our Own State of Consciousness
		Exploring Diversity: Cross-Cultural Routes to Altered States of Consciousness
	Module 16: Drug Use: The Highs and Lows of Consciousness
		Stimulants: Drug Highs
		Depressants: Drug Lows
		Narcotics, Opiates, and Opioids: Relieving Pain and Anxiety
		Hallucinogens: Psychedelic Drugs
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Identifying Drug and Alcohol Problems
Chapter 6: Learning
	Module 17: Classical Conditioning
		The Basics of Classical Conditioning
		Applying Conditioning Principles to Human Behavior
		Extinction
		Generalization and Discrimination
		Beyond Traditional Classical Conditioning: Challenging Basic Assumptions
	Module 18: Operant Conditioning
		Thorndike’s Law of Effect
		The Basics of Operant Conditioning
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: How Uber and Lyft Put Themselves in the Driver’s Seat
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Using Behavior Analysis and Behavior Modification
	Module 19: Cognitive Approaches to Learning
		Latent Learning
		Observational Learning: Learning Through Imitation
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Learning Through Imitation
		Exploring Diversity: Does Culture Influence How We Learn?
Chapter 7: Memory
	Module 20: The Foundations of Memory
		Sensory Memory
		Short-Term Memory
		Working Memory
		Long-Term Memory
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Superior Memory
	Module 21: Recalling Long-Term Memories
		Retrieval Cues
		Levels of Processing
		Explicit and Implicit Memory
		Flashbulb Memories
		Constructive Processes in Memory: Rebuilding the Past
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Memories Are Made to Be Meaningful
		Exploring Diversity: Are There Cross-Cultural Differences in Memory?
	Module 22: Forgetting: When Memory Fails
		Why We Forget
		Proactive and Retroactive Interference: The Before and After of Forgetting
		Memory Dysfunctions: Afflictions of Forgetting
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Improving Your Memory
Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
	Module 23: Thinking and Reasoning
		Mental Images: Examining the Mind’s Eye
		Concepts: Categorizing the World
		Reasoning: Making Up Your Mind
		Computers and Problem Solving: Searching for Artificial Intelligence
		Does Playing Video Games Improve Your Thinking?
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Are Our Attention Spans Becoming Shorter?
	Module 24: Problem Solving
		Preparation: Understanding and Diagnosing Problems
		Production: Generating Solutions
		Judgment: Evaluating Solutions
		Impediments to Solutions: Why Is Problem Solving Such a Problem?
		Creativity and Problem Solving
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Thinking Critically and Creatively
	Module 25: Language
		Grammar: Language’s Language
		Language Development: Developing a Way with Words
		The Influence of Language on Thinking: Do Eskimos Have More Words for Snow Than Texans Do?
		Do Animals Use Language?
		Exploring Diversity: Teaching with Linguistic Variety: Bilingual Education
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Being Bilingual Affects the Brain
Chapter 9: Intelligence
	Module 26: What Is Intelligence?
		Theories of Intelligence: Are There Different Kinds of Intelligence?
		The Biological Basis of Intelligence
		Neuroscience in Your Life: What Makes Someone Intelligent?
		Practical and Emotional Intelligence: Toward a More Intelligent View of Intelligence
		Assessing Intelligence
		Contemporary IQ Tests: Gauging Intelligence
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Scoring Better on Standardized Tests
	Module 27: Variations in Intellectual Ability
		Intellectual Disabilities
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Does a Hidden Genius Lie Within Us?
		The Intellectually Gifted
	Module 28: Group Differences in Intelligence: Genetic and Environmental Determinants
		Exploring Diversity: Can We Develop Culture-Fair IQ Tests?
		IQ and Heritability: The Relative Influence of Genetics and Environment
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
	Module 29: Explaining Motivation
		Instinct Approaches: Born to Be Motivated
		Drive-Reduction Approaches: Satisfying Our Needs
		Arousal Approaches: Beyond Drive Reduction
		Incentive Approaches: Motivation’s Pull
		Cognitive Approaches: The Thoughts Behind Motivation
		Maslow’s Hierarchy: Ordering Motivational Needs
		Applying the Different Approaches to Motivation
	Module 30: Human Needs and Motivation: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring
		The Motivation Behind Hunger and Eating
		Eating Disorders
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: A Losing Battle for The Biggest Losers
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Dieting and Losing Weight Successfully
		The Need for Achievement: Striving for Success
		The Need for Affiliation: Striving for Friendship
		The Need for Power: Striving for Impact on Others
	Module 31: Understanding Emotional Experiences
		The Functions of Emotions
		Determining the Range of Emotions: Labeling Our Feelings
		The Roots of Emotions
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Emotion and the Brain
		Exploring Diversity: Do People in All Cultures Express Emotion Similarly?
Chapter 11: Sexuality and Gender
	Module 32: Gender and Sex
		Gender Roles: Society’s Expectations for Women and Men
		Sexism on the Job
		Gender Differences: More Similar Than Dissimilar
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Do Women’s Brains Differ from Men’s?
		Sources of Gender Differences: Where Biology and Society Meet
	Module 33: Understanding Human Sexual Response: The Facts of Life
		The Basic Biology of Sexual Behavior
		Physiological Aspects of Sexual Excitement: What Turns People On?
		The Phases of Sexual Response: The Ups and Downs of Sex
		Exploring Diversity: Female Circumcision: A Celebration of Culture—or Genital Mutilation?
	Module 34: The Diversity of Sexual Behavior
		Approaches to Sexual Normality
		Surveying Sexual Behavior: What’s Happening Behind Closed Doors?
		Heterosexuality
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Teen Sexting
		Homosexuality and Bisexuality
		Transgenderism
		Sexual Difficulties and Issues
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Lowering the Risks of Date Rape
Chapter 12: Development
	Module 35: Nature and Nurture: The Enduring Developmental Issue
		Determining the Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture
		Developmental Research Techniques
	Module 36: Prenatal Development: Conception to Birth
		The Basics of Genetics
		The Earliest Development
	Module 37: Infancy and Childhood
		The Extraordinary Newborn
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Emotional Responses in Infancy
		Infancy Through Childhood
	Module 38: Adolescence: Becoming an Adult
		Physical Development: The Changing Adolescent
		Moral and Cognitive Development: Distinguishing Right from Wrong
		Social Development: Finding One’s Self in a Social World
		Exploring Diversity: Rites of Passage: Coming of Age Around the World
	Module 39: Adulthood
		Physical Development: The Peak of Health
		Social Development: Working at Life
		Marriage, Children, and Divorce: Family Ties
		Changing Roles of Men and Women
		Later Years of Life: Growing Old
		Physical Changes in Late Adulthood: The Aging Body
		Cognitive Changes: Thinking About—and During—Late Adulthood
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: How Do Cognitive Abilities Rise and Fall as We Age?
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Adjusting to Death
Chapter 13: Personality
	Module 40: Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality
		Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: Mapping the Unconscious Mind
		The Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysts: Building on Freud
	Module 41: Trait, Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality
		Trait Approaches: Placing Labels on Personality
		Learning Approaches: We Are What We’ve Learned
		Biological and Evolutionary Approaches: Are We Born with Personality?
		Neuroscience in Your Life: The Neurological Underpinnings of Personality
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Does Personality Shift from Generation to Generation?
		Humanistic Approaches: The Uniqueness of You
		Comparing Approaches to Personality
	Module 42: Assessing Personality: Determining What Makes Us Distinctive
		Exploring Diversity: Should Race and Ethnicity Be Used to Establish Test Norms?
		Self-Report Measures of Personality
		Projective Methods
		Behavioral Assessment
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Assessing Personality Assessments
Chapter 14: Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being
	Module 43: Stress and Coping
		Stress: Reacting to Threat and Challenge
		The High Cost of Stress
		Coping with Stress
		Neuroscience in Your Life: The Neuroscience of Resilience
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Does Using Facebook Make You Feel Bad?
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Effective Coping Strategies
	Module 44: Psychological Aspects of Illness and Well-Being
		The As, Bs, and Ds of Coronary Heart Disease
		Psychological Aspects of Cancer
		Smoking
		Exploring Diversity: Hucksters of Death: Promoting Smoking Throughout the World
	Module 45: Promoting Health and Wellness
		Following Medical Advice
		Well-Being and Happiness
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
	Module 46: Normal Versus Abnormal: Making the Distinction
		Defining Abnormality
		Perspectives on Abnormality: From Superstition to Science
		Classifying Abnormal Behavior: The ABCs of DSM
	Module 47: The Major Psychological Disorders
		Anxiety Disorders
		Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
		Somatic Symptom Disorders
		Dissociative Disorders
		Mood Disorders
		Schizophrenia
		Neuroscience in Your Life: Brain Networks Related to Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia
		Personality Disorders
		Disorders That Impact Childhood
		Other Disorders
	Module 48: Psychological Disorders in Perspective
		The Social and Cultural Context of Psychological Disorders
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Is the Newest Generation of College Students More Psychologically Disordered Than Their Predecessors?
		Exploring Diversity: DSM and Culture—and the Culture of DSM
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Deciding When You Need Help
Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
	Module 49: Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Cognitive Approaches to Treatment
		Psychodynamic Approaches to Therapy
		Behavioral Approaches to Therapy
		Cognitive Approaches to Therapy
		Neuroscience in Your Life: How Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Changes Your Brain
	Module 50: Psychotherapy: Humanistic, Interpersonal, and Group Approaches to Treatment
		Humanistic Therapy
		Interpersonal Therapy
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Click Here for Therapy
		Group Therapies
		Evaluating Psychotherapy: Does Therapy Work?
		Exploring Diversity: Racial and Ethnic Factors in Treatment: Should Therapists Be Color-Blind?
	Module 51: Biomedical Therapy: Biological Approaches to Treatment
		Drug Therapy
		Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
		Psychosurgery
		Biomedical Therapies in Perspective
		Community Psychology: Focus on Prevention
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Choosing the Right Therapist
Chapter 17: Social Psychology
	Module 52: Attitudes and Social Cognition
		Persuasion: Changing Attitudes
		Social Cognition: Understanding Others
		Exploring Diversity: Attribution Biases in a Cultural Context: How Fundamental Is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
	Module 53: Social Influence and Groups
		Conformity: Following What Others Do
		Compliance: Submitting to Direct Social Pressure
		Obedience: Following Direct Orders
	Module 54: Prejudice and Discrimination
		The Foundations of Prejudice
		Neuroscience in Your Life: The Prejudiced Brain
		Measuring Prejudice and Discrimination: The Implicit Association Test
		Reducing the Consequences of Prejudice and Discrimination
		Applying Psychology in The 21st Century: Helping More Women Succeed as Engineers
	Module 55: Positive and Negative Social Behavior
		Liking and Loving: Interpersonal Attraction and the Development of Relationships
		Aggression and Prosocial Behavior: Hurting and Helping Others
		Helping Others: The Brighter Side of Human Nature
		Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Dealing Effectively with Anger
Epilogue: Diversity, Culture, Conflict, and Cooperation
	Diversity and Culture
	Exploring Diversity: The Culture of Agression
	Conflict and Cooperation: Striving for a Just and Peaceful World
	Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Reducing War, Promoting Peace, and Creating a Just World
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
APA Style Guide