Understanding Politics

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Brief Contents......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 13
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......Page 21
1 Introduction: The Study of Politics......Page 23
Power......Page 25
Order......Page 27
Justice......Page 31
THE PROBLEM OF DIRTY HANDS......Page 32
By What Methods?......Page 34
The Study of Human Behavior......Page 35
The Political (Science) Puzzle......Page 37
SUMMARY......Page 40
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 41
2 The Idea of the Public Good: Ideologies and Isms......Page 42
IDEOLOGIES AND THE PUBLIC GOOD......Page 43
Ideologies of the Right......Page 45
Ideologies of the Left......Page 50
The Uses and Abuses of Labels......Page 54
Conservatives: Economic Rights and Free Enterprise......Page 55
Liberals: Civil Rights and Social Justice......Page 57
Differences Essential and Exaggerated......Page 58
The “Values Divide” and the War on Terror......Page 59
Choosing Sides versus Making Choices......Page 60
SUMMARY......Page 61
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 62
PART 1 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL SYSTEMS: MODELS AND THEORIES 41......Page 63
3 Utopias: Model States......Page 64
PLATO’S REPUBLIC: PHILOSOPHY IS THE ANSWER......Page 66
FRANCIS BACON’S NEW ATLANTIS: SCIENCE IS THE ANSWER......Page 69
KARL MARX’S CLASSLESS SOCIETY: ECONOMICS IS THE ANSWER......Page 70
B. F. SKINNER’S WALDEN TWO: PSYCHOLOGY IS THE ANSWER......Page 73
UTOPIA REVISITED......Page 75
DYSTOPIA: FROM DREAM TO NIGHTMARE......Page 77
SUMMARY......Page 78
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 79
4 Constitutional Democracy: Models of Representation......Page 80
LIBERAL DEMOCRACY: MODELS AND THEORIES......Page 81
REPUBLICS AND CONSTITUTIONS......Page 82
BOTTOMS UP: THE IDEA OF AMERICA......Page 83
FOUR MODELS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY......Page 85
TOCQUEVILLE: THE TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY......Page 97
JOHN LOCKE: THE RULE OF LAW......Page 99
CONSTITUTIONALISM AND DUE PROCESS......Page 100
REMODELING DEMOCRACY: HAVE IT YOUR WAY......Page 101
THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY......Page 103
SUMMARY......Page 105
KEY TERMS......Page 106
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 107
5 The Authoritarian Model: Myth and Reality......Page 108
THE VIRTUES OF AUTHORITARIAN STATES......Page 109
THE VICES OF AUTHORITARIAN RULERS......Page 110
CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTHORITARIAN STATES......Page 114
AUTHORITARIANISM IN PRACTICE: A TALE OF TWO STATES......Page 115
AUTHORITARIANISM IN THEORY: MYTH VERSUS REALITY......Page 126
THE FUTURE OF AUTHORITARIANISM......Page 132
AUTHORITARIANISM AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY......Page 133
SUMMARY......Page 135
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 136
6 The Totalitarian Model: False Utopias......Page 137
THE REVOLUTIONARY STAGE OF TOTALITARIANISM......Page 139
THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER......Page 146
THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY......Page 148
THE HUMAN COST OF TOTALITARIANISM......Page 155
OTHER FACES OF TOTALITARIANISM......Page 157
TWILIGHT OF TOTALITARIANISM?......Page 159
KEY TERMS......Page 160
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 161
PART 2 ESTABLISHED AND EMERGING DEMOCRACIES......Page 163
7 Parliamentary Democracy......Page 164
GREAT BRITAIN: MOTHER OF ALL PARLIAMENTS......Page 165
FRANCE: PRESIDENT VERSUS PARLIAMENT......Page 171
GERMANY: FEDERALISM AGAINST MILITARISM......Page 177
JAPAN: BETWEEN EAST AND WEST......Page 183
INDIA AND ISRAEL: CHALLENGED DEMOCRACIES......Page 191
THE ADAPTABILITY OF DEMOCRACY......Page 196
PARLIAMENT OR PRESIDENT? A BRIEF COMPARISON......Page 197
SUMMARY......Page 199
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 200
8 States and Economies in Transition: Between Democracy and Yesterday......Page 201
THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM......Page 202
RUSSIA: OLD HABITS DIE HARD......Page 203
EASTERN EUROPE: TWO-TRACK TRANSITION......Page 217
TWO ASIAN TIGERS: STILL ROLE MODELS?......Page 221
LATIN AMERICA: A NEW DAY DAWNING?......Page 224
KEY TERMS......Page 230
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 231
9 Development: Myths and Realities......Page 232
DEVELOPMENT AS IDEOLOGY......Page 235
THE IDEA OF DEVELOPMENT......Page 236
THE LEGACY OF COLONIALISM......Page 238
BUILDING A NEW NATION-STATE: FOUR CHALLENGES......Page 242
THE STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT......Page 243
NIGERIA VERSUS INDIA: TWO CASE STUDIES, ONE RIDDLE......Page 245
OBSTACLES TO DEVELOPMENT......Page 251
FAILED STATES......Page 259
DEVELOPMENT: TONIC OR ELIXIR?......Page 265
KEY TERMS......Page 266
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 267
PART 3 POLITICS BY CIVIL MEANS: CITIZENS, LEADERS, AND POLICIES......Page 269
10 Political Socialization: The Making of a Citizen......Page 270
THE GOOD CITIZEN......Page 271
POLITICAL CULTURE: DEFINING THE GOOD......Page 276
POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION: FORMING CITIZENS......Page 279
SOCIALIZATION AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR......Page 290
WHEN POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION FAILS......Page 292
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 293
11 Political Participation: The Price of Influence......Page 294
DEFINING PARTICIPATION......Page 295
WHO VOTES FOR WHAT, WHEN, AND WHY?......Page 304
PARTICIPATING AS A PLAYER: INSIDERS......Page 311
PARTICIPATION AND POLITICAL PARTIES......Page 314
PARTICIPATION AND INTEREST GROUPS......Page 317
THE INTERNET REVOLUTION: POWER TO THE PEOPLE......Page 323
THE ECLIPSE OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST......Page 324
SUMMARY......Page 325
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 326
12 Political Leadership: The Many Faces of Power......Page 327
THE IDEAL LEADER......Page 329
FOUR EXEMPLARY LEADERS......Page 332
THE ECLIPSE OF LEADERSHIP?......Page 339
AMERICAN DEMAGOGUES......Page 341
POLITICIANS......Page 346
CITIZEN-LEADERS......Page 348
KEY TERMS......Page 353
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 354
13 Issues in Public Policy: Principles, Priorities, and Practices......Page 355
THE PURSUIT OF SECURITY......Page 356
THE PURSUIT OF PROSPERITY......Page 369
THE PURSUIT OF EQUALITY......Page 379
THE PURSUIT OF LIBERTY......Page 383
THE PURSUIT OF JUSTICE......Page 387
SUMMARY......Page 391
KEY TERMS......Page 392
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 393
PART 4 POLITICS BY VIOLENT MEANS: REVOLUTION, WAR, AND TERRORISM......Page 395
14 Revolution: In the Name of Justice......Page 396
THE FREQUENCY OF REVOLUTIONS......Page 397
MODERN REVOLUTIONS: TWO TRADITIONS......Page 398
REVOLUTION—A RIGHT OR ALL WRONG?......Page 406
THE CAUSES OF REVOLUTION......Page 410
SUMMARY......Page 417
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 418
15 War: Politics by Other Means......Page 419
THE CAUSES OF WAR......Page 421
IN SEARCH OF A DEFINITIVE THEORY......Page 431
TOTAL WAR: WARS EVERYBODY FIGHTS......Page 435
ACCIDENTAL WAR: WARS NOBODY WANTS......Page 436
NUCLEAR WAR: WARS NOBODY WINS......Page 437
JUST WARS: WARS OTHERS START......Page 438
A WAR ON WHAT? THE POLITICS OF HYPERBOLE......Page 443
WEAPONS OF MASS DISRUPTION: CYBER WAR......Page 446
KEY TERMS......Page 448
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 449
16 Terrorism: Weapon of the Weak......Page 451
WHAT IS TERRORISM?......Page 455
THE ORIGINS OF TERRORISM......Page 457
TERRORIST OR FREEDOM FIGHTER?......Page 465
TERRORISM AND SOCIETY......Page 466
COUNTERING TERRORISM......Page 469
SUMMARY......Page 477
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 478
PART 5 POLITICS WITHOUT GOVERNMENT......Page 479
17 World Politics: The Struggle for Power......Page 480
GET REAL! MACHIAVELLI AND MORGENTHAU......Page 481
THE CLASSICAL MULTIPOLAR SYSTEM: 1648 TO 1945......Page 483
THE COLD WAR BIPOLAR SYSTEM: 1945–1991......Page 485
THE RETURN TO MULTIPOLARITY: 1991–2010......Page 488
U.S. FOREIGN POLICY: CONTINUITY AMID CHANGE......Page 498
STATECRAFT: BEYOND REALISM......Page 505
THE MORE THINGS CHANGE . . .......Page 508
SUMMARY......Page 509
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 510
18 International Organization(s): Globalization and the Quest for Order......Page 512
NONSTATE ACTORS ON THE WORLD STAGE......Page 513
THE EUROPEAN UNION......Page 519
THE UNITED NATIONS......Page 523
UNCONVENTIONAL NONSTATE ACTORS......Page 533
INTERNATIONAL LAW......Page 535
SUMMARY......Page 544
KEY TERMS......Page 545
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 546
ENDNOTES......Page 547
GLOSSARY......Page 573
INDEX......Page 587