Understanding Phonetics

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Symbols for Transcribing English
IPA Chart
1 Starting phonetics
	1.1 What we already know
	1.2 Three types of phonetics
	1.3 Accents and attitudes
	1.4 Phonetics and phonology
	1.5 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further Reading
2 The role of the larynx
	2.1 What is the larynx?
	2.2 The larynx and voice
	2.3 The larynx as a place of articulation
	2.4 The larynx as a pitch modulator
	2.5 Voice and the IPA chart
	2.6 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
3 Place of articulation
	3.1 The organs of speech
	3.2 The primary places of articulation
	3.3 The IPA chart
	3.4 Other place-associated variables
	3.5 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
4 Manner of articulation
	4.1 Directing airflow
	4.2 Representing consonants
	4.3 Manner of articulation
	4.4 Double and secondary articulations
	4.5 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
5 Airstream mechanisms
	5.1 Pulmonic airstream mechanisms
	5.2 Glottalic airstream mechanisms
	5.3 Velaric airstream mechanisms
	5.4 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
6 Describing vowels
	6.1 Basic parameters of vowel description
	6.2 Representing vowels
	6.3 The IPA chart vowel diagram
	6.4 Learning and remembering the sounds
	6.5 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
7 Further parameters of variation in vowels
	7.1 Quantity
	7.2 Complexity
	7.3 Other tongue gestures
	7.4 Further parameters of variation
	7.5 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
8 Further parameters of variation in consonants
	8.1 Further contributions by the vocal folds
	8.2 Further variations based on place of articulation
	8.3 Further variations affecting manner of articulation
	8.4 Duration in consonants
	8.5 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
9 Connected speech – segment dynamics
	9.1 Phonetic transcription and acoustic cues
	9.2 Coarticulation
	9.3 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
10 Beyond the segment
	10.1 Suprasegmentals
	10.2 Stress
	10.3 Accent
	10.4 Tone
	10.5 Intonation
	10.6 Summary
	Ear-training
	Further reading
Answers to exercises
Bibliography
Language index
World Englishes index
Subject index