Understanding Language and Cognition through Bilingualism: In honor of Ellen Bialystok

Understanding Language and Cognition through Bilingualism
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
Chapter 1 Prologue
	Crossing paths
	A short biography
	Roadmap of this volume
	References
Section I Bilingualism is more than speaking two languages
Chapter 2 From the spatial ego to cognitive control
	Sibylla’s note
	“Not the bilingualism stuff”
	Bringing cognition to language
	The complexity of language experience
	Information processing models and bilingual complexity
		Cognitive models and complexity at the person level
		Cognitive models and complexity at the process level
	From early foundations to new directions
	References
Chapter 3 Defining bilingualism as a continuum
	1. Introduction
	2. The Bilingual Language Experience Calculator (BiLEC)
		2.1 What is it?
		2.2 How is it measured?
		2.3 Why is it used?
		2.4 How has it been used?
		2.5 What are some limitations?
	3. The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q)
		3.1 What is it?
		3.2 How is it measured?
		3.3 Why is it used?
		3.4 How has it been used?
		3.5 What are some limitations?
	4. Entropy- a measure of social (language) interaction and language maintenance
		4.1 What is it?
		4.2 How is it measured?
		4.3 Why is it used?
		4.4 How has it been used?
		4.5 What are some limitations?
	5. The Language and Social Background Questionnaire (LSBQ)
		5.1 What is it?
		5.2 How is it measured?
		5.3 Why is it used?
		5.4 How has it been used?
		5.5 What are some limitations?
	6. The Bilingual Language Profile (BLP)
		6.1 What is it?
		6.2 How is it measured?
		6.3 Why is it used?
		6.4 How has it been used?
		6.5 What are some limitations?
	7. Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4 Biliteracy
	Introduction
	Challenges in reading in L2 as compared to L1
	Different writing systems
	Metalinguistic awareness and reading
	Bilingualism and biliteracy
	Influence of L1 literacy training on L2 reading and writing
	Transfer
	Reading difficulties in one orthography but not another
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 Beyond bilingualism
	Introduction
	Code-switching
	Code-switching in the sociolinguistic arena
	A functional approach
	Incorporating code-switching in cognitive psychology research of bilingualism
	Eliciting code-switching and the bilingual verbal fluency task
	Studying code-switching from a social psychology of language perspective
	Code-switching as a valued asset
	From attitudes to social identity
	Conclusion and future prospects
	Acknowledgements
	References
Section II Bilingualism in development and learning
Chapter 6 Bilingual cognitive differences within the context of socioeconomic status
	Introduction
	Bilingualism and memory generalization during infancy
	Bilingualism and socioeconomic status
	Bilingualism, SES, and brain development
	Bilingualism, SES, and cognitive skills
	Bilingualism, SES, and early memory generalization skills
	Potential mechanisms and future directions
	Future directions
	References
Chapter 7 Bilingualism in development
	The cognitive benefits of early bilingualism
	The cognitive benefits of early bilingualism
	The cognitive costs of early bilingualism
		Vocabulary size and lexical retrieval
		Cross-language priming
	Prospective outlook
	Funding
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 8 Metalinguistic awareness in bilinguals
	Ellen Bialystok’s contributions to the field of metalinguistic awareness
		Cognitive framework of metalinguistic awareness
		Metalinguistic awareness in bilingual children
	Current research in metalinguistic awareness
		Language factors and metalinguistic awareness
		Bilingualism and language learning
		Metalinguistic ability and language and literacy development
	Implications of metalinguistic awareness research for bilingual education
	In conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 9 Learning through bilingual education
	Bialystok’s contribution to the understanding of language and cognition
	Bialystok and bilingual education
	Bilingual education and academic achievement
	Learning academic content across languages
	Next steps and final thoughts
	References
Section III Cognition and neuroscience of bilingualism
Chapter 10 Models and metaphors
	Models of bilingual language processing
		Language co-activation
		The dynamics of language change
		Models of cognitive control
	Neural models of bilingual language control
		Early neural models of bilingual language control
		Dynamics it is across time and space! Neural models of languages in interaction and bilingual experience
	Models and metaphors in bilingualism
	It really is all about timing
	Funding
	References
Chapter 11 Bilingual language control during conversation
	Tribute
	Introduction
	2. Interactional contexts of language use and the hierarchy of language control
	Attentional control in different interactional contexts
	Multiple attentional states
	Utterance planning
	Transitions and tuning
	Desirable innovations
	Measuring attentional neural states and their transitions
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12 Domain-general electrophysiological changes associated with bilingualism
	A tribute to Ellen Bialystok
	Exploring the effects of bilingualism on cognition with EEG
	Bilingualism and event-related potentials on executive function tasks
	Bilingualism and ERP studies on attention
	Bilingualism and resting-state EEG
	Bilingualism and brain signal complexity
	Future directions
		Experienced-based factors and the individual differences approach
		Recommended practices for bilingual EEG research
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 13 Bilingualism and functional connectivity
	First encounters of the bilingual kind
	Beginning at the end
	Language acquisition, language training, and brain networks
	Methods for studying functional connectivity
	Brain networks supporting language in children
	How language training modifies brain networks
		Inverting the question
		Increasing complexity and density of content for greater learning
		Interpreter training
	Young adult bilingual brain networks
		Bilateral frontal connectivity
		Scaling bilingualism
	Bilingualism’s effect in older age
	Conclusions and next steps
	References
Chapter 14 Bilingualism and brain structure
	1. Bilingualism and brain structure
		a. The influence of Ellen in the field, and a personal anecdote
		b. Bilingualism and brain restructuring
		c. Explaining bilingualism-induced neuroplasticity as an effect of experiences
	2. Bilingualism and brain structure in healthy ageing
	3. Bilingualism and brain structure in patient populations
		a. Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
		b. Other diseases
	4. Future directions
	References
Section IV Bilingualism, aging, and cognitive reserve
Chapter 15 The effects of bilingualism on cognitive functioning in older adults
	Aging and executive control
	Bilingualism and cognitive aging
	Findings from other labs
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 16 Role of bilingualism in neurodegenerative disease I
	Preamble
	Introduction
	Definition of bilingualism
	Mechanisms of cognitive reserve
	Effects of bilingualism on delaying onset of AD
	Imaging studies of bilingualism in AD
	Biomarker studies of bilingualism in AD
	Conclusion
	References
	Appendix
Chapter 17 Role of bilingualism in neurodegenerative disease II
	Introduction
	Huntington’s disease
	Parkinson’s disease
	Multiple sclerosis
	Non-progressive neurological disorders
	Discussion and conclusions
	Note
	References
Chapter 18 The road ahead
	Where is the field going?
	References
Index