Underdevelopment: A Strategy for Reform (Federico Caffe Lectures)

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Dedication......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Figures and tables......Page 10
Underdevelopment and the methodological approach of Adam Smith......Page 11
The wealth of the few and the poverty of the many......Page 16
A cultural break point at the dawn of economic and civic development......Page 18
The market as an institutional framework originated by a long evolution......Page 20
The neoclassical paradigm and the theory of development......Page 22
The long preparation......Page 27
Three stages in the evolution of modern capitalism......Page 28
The revival of small firms: a new stage......Page 33
Schooling and research in the different stages of modern capitalism......Page 37
Technological innovations and institutional innovations......Page 40
The cultural background: the cases of the United States and Costa Rica......Page 43
The relationships between economic, human and civic development: favourable and unfavourable ‘deviations’......Page 51
Race and the different evolution of different societies.......Page 62
The role of particular ethnic groups in the process of development......Page 65
A final remark......Page 69
The principle of increasing returns......Page 70
The principle of diminishing returns......Page 73
Impulses determining the growth of productivity: the productivity equation......Page 76
The ‘law’ of supply and demand and prices......Page 81
The ‘price of capital’......Page 88
Dynamic and static substitution: a critique of the Cobb–Douglas production function......Page 90
The distribution of income......Page 95
The new growth models......Page 101
Innovations and the great sectors of the economy......Page 106
The aggregate and multi-sector approaches......Page 108
The productivity equation and the increasing competition of underdeveloped countries in manufacturing......Page 111
The meaning of ‘globalization’......Page 116
Financial, real and human globalization......Page 117
Migrations and international relations......Page 122
Trends and cycles in developed and underdeveloped countries and the terms of trade......Page 123
Two demographic explosions......Page 129
Malthus’ principle of population and Ricardo’s diminishing returns in agriculture: the deadweight of ‘routine’......Page 133
The hungry countries......Page 135
The natality and the fertility equations and child-producing poverty......Page 139
Africa and the problem of increasing poverty......Page 143
The changing inequality in income distribution during the process of development......Page 146
Traditional communities and the labour market: wage employment and independent workers......Page 148
The informal sector, child labour and women workers......Page 150
Migrations and the labour market in advanced countries......Page 153
Employment and unemployment in advanced countries.......Page 156
Unemployment in Europe......Page 163
Employment and unemployment in underdeveloped countries......Page 164
Reforms to create a growth-oriented market......Page 168
Agricultural development......Page 170
The promotion of small firms in rural areas and in industrial districts......Page 174
Environmental problems arising from poverty, and those arising from opulence......Page 178
The reform of public administration, corruption and the three types of districts......Page 182
The use of the surplus: self-financing, credit, taxes and price control in underdeveloped countries......Page 184
National and local public works......Page 188
Two centres for the formation of experts for underdeveloped countries and a centre for medical services......Page 189
Revolution and reform......Page 193
Institutional reform to create a growth-oriented market......Page 197
The ideal of civic development......Page 200
The appeal of the Communist faith and the moral poverty of Capitalism......Page 201
The solution to the economic problem......Page 204
Overcoming underdevelopment: three European centres and the promotion of a world research programme......Page 205
Bibliography......Page 209
Index......Page 218